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Differential host responses of sugarcane to Colletotrichum falcatum reveal activation of probable effector triggered immunity (ETI) in defence responses

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Abstract

Key message

The differential compatibility responses of sugarcane to Colletotrichum falcatum pathotypes depend on the nature of both host primary defence signalling cascades and pathogen virulence.

Abstract

The complex polyploidy of sugarcane genome and genetic variations in different cultivars of sugarcane remain a challenge to identify and characterise specific genes controlling the compatible and incompatible interactions between sugarcane and the red rot pathogen, Colletotrichum falcatum. To avoid host background variation in the interaction study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used in a sugarcane cultivar Co 7805 which is compatible with one C. falcatum pathotype but incompatible with another one. In the incompatible interaction (ICI—less virulent) 10,038 contigs were assembled from ~ 54,699,263 raw reads, while 4022 contigs were assembled from ~ 52,509,239 in the compatible interaction (CI—virulent). The transcripts homologous to CEBiP receptor and those involved in the signalling pathways of ROS, Ca2+, BR, and ABA were expressed in both interaction responses. In contrast, MAPK, ET, PI signalling pathways and JA amino conjugation related transcripts were found only in ICI. In temporal gene expression assays, 16 transcripts showed their highest induction in ICI than CI. Further, more than 17 transcripts specific to the pathogen were found only in CI, indicating that the pathogen colonizes the host tissue whereas it failed to do so in ICI. Overall, this study has identified for the first time that a probable PAMP triggered immunity (PTI) in both responses, while a more efficient effector triggered immunity (ETI) was found only in ICI. Moreover, pathogen proliferation could be predicted in CI based on transcript expression, which were homologous to Glomerella graminicola, the nearest clade to the perfect stage of C. falcatum (G. tucumanensis).

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABAREBF:

Abscisic acid responsive element binding factor

AGT:

Glyoxylate aminotransferase

BR:

Brassinosteroid

BRSK:

Brassinosteroid signalling kinase

CBPCML:

Calcium binding protein CML

CDPK:

Calcium dependent protein kinase

CEBiP:

Chitin elicitor binding protein

CNGC:

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel

DAMPs:

Damage associated molecular patterns

DRPRPM1:

Disease resistant protein RPM1

DRPRPS5:

Disease resistant protein RPS5

ER:

Ethylene receptor

ET:

Ethylene

ETI:

Effector triggered immunity

ETS:

Effector triggered susceptibility

GO:

Gene ontology

HR:

Hypersensitive

JA:

Jasmonic acid

JAAS:

Jasmonic acid amino acid synthetase

KAAS:

KEGG automatic annotation server

KEGG:

Kyoto encyclopedia for genes and genomes

LVir:

Less virulent

MAPK:

Mitogen activated protein kinase

MAPKK1:

Mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1

MAPKKK1:

Mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase1

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PAMP:

Pathogen associated molecular pattern

PI:

Phosphoinositide

PR:

Pathogenesis-related

PRRs:

Pattern recognition receptors

PTI:

PAMP triggered immunity

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SSH:

Suppression subtractive hybridization

SSH:

Suppression subtractive hybridization

Vir:

Virulent

VTPATPase:

V type proton transporting ATPase subunit1

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to the Director of the Institute for the support.

Funding

The research work was supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India through the outreach research programme “ALCOCERA”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, India

    M. Sathyabhama, R. Viswanathan, C. N. Prasanth, P. Malathi & A. Ramesh Sundar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641014, India

    M. Sathyabhama

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  1. M. Sathyabhama
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  2. R. Viswanathan
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  3. C. N. Prasanth
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  4. P. Malathi
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  5. A. Ramesh Sundar
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Contributions

RV conceived, designed and received funds for the research work. MS conducted the experiments. PM and ARS analyzed the data. MS and CNP analyzed NGS data. MS and RV wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Viswanathan.

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The present research did not involve human participants and/or animals.

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Communicated by Prakash Lakshmanan.

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Sathyabhama, M., Viswanathan, R., Prasanth, C.N. et al. Differential host responses of sugarcane to Colletotrichum falcatum reveal activation of probable effector triggered immunity (ETI) in defence responses. Plant Cell Rep 41, 1461–1476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-022-02870-1

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