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Analyses of Botrytis cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes from Lilium regale reveal distinct roles of two LrWRKY transcription factors in mediating responses to B. cinerea

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Abstract

Key message

Botrytis cinerea induced expression of 15 LrWRKY genes; overexpression of LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a increased resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to B. cinerea in a manner related to SA and JA signaling.

Abstract

WRKY transcription factors (TFs), a large family, play important roles in coping with biotic stresses. Lilium regale Wilson is a lily species with strong resistance to fungi and viruses; however, functional characterization of LrWRKY TFs remains very limited. Here, a total of 25 LrWRKY members were identified from the L. regale transcriptome, and 15 LrWRKY genes were significantly induced by Botrytis cinerea. Based on their structural features, B. cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes could be classified into six subgroups (Groups I, IIa–d, and III), and sequence alignment showed that 12 LrWRKY proteins have a well-conserved WRKYGQK domain, while 3 LrWRKYs have a variant sequence (WRKYGKK or WRMYEQK). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed tissue-specific expression of B. cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes and their expression profiles in response to defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and hydrogen peroxide. LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a, which encode two LrWRKY TFs with different three-dimensional (3D) models of the WRKY domain, were cloned, and both proteins were targeted to the nucleus. Overexpression of LrWRKY39 and LrWRKY41a in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the resistance and susceptibility to B. cinerea, respectively, compared to the wild type. Similar results were also observed in tobacco and lily (L. longiflorum ‘Snow Queen’) by transient transformation analyses. Their distinct roles may be related to changes in the transcript levels of SA-/JA-responsive genes. Our results provide new insights into B. cinerea-responsive LrWRKY members and the biological functions of two different 3D models of LrWRKY TFs in defense responses to B. cinerea infection.

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Data availability

All the supporting data can be found as additional file along with this manuscript. The raw sequence data and materials during the current study are available upon reasonable request from corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Biao Lai in Yangtze Normal University for supplying the plant binary vector pBI121 and also thank Dr. Jian Gao in Yangtze Normal University for the assistance during bioinformatics analysis.

Funding

This work was financially supported by Natural Science Research Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0014), Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN202001418), Chongqing key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Characteristic Plant Resources in Wuling Mountain Area (TEZWKFKT202005).

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  1. School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China

    Yongyao Fu, Juan Li, Han Wu, Yiyong Zhu, Chunyu Liu, WenJi Xu & Liping Yang

  2. Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden, Harbin, 150046, Heilongjiang Province, China

    Sijia Jiang

  3. Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400712, China

    Qiang Li

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  1. Yongyao Fu
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Contributions

YF, QL and LY: conceived and designed the experiments. YF, JL, HW, YZ and CL: conducted the experiments. YF, SJ and WX: analyzed the data. YF: wrote the first manuscript, LY and QL: supervised and complemented the writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Qiang Li or Liping Yang.

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Fu, Y., Li, J., Wu, H. et al. Analyses of Botrytis cinerea-responsive LrWRKY genes from Lilium regale reveal distinct roles of two LrWRKY transcription factors in mediating responses to B. cinerea. Plant Cell Rep 41, 995–1012 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-022-02833-6

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