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Ectopic expression of finger millet calmodulin confers drought and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Overexpression of finger millet calmodulin imparts drought and salt tolerance in plants.

Abstract

Drought and salinity are major environmental stresses which affect crop productivity and therefore are major hindrance in feeding growing population world-wide. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a crucial role during the plant's response to these stress stimuli. Calmodulin (CaM), a crucial Ca2+sensor, is involved in transducing the signal downstream in various physiological, developmental and stress responses by modulating a plethora of target proteins. The role of CaM has been well established in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana for regulating various developmental processes, stress signaling and ion transport. In the current study, we investigate the CaM of Eleusine coracana (common name finger millet, known especially for its drought tolerance and superior Ca2+ content). In-silico analysis showed that Eleusine CaM (EcCaM) has greater similarity to rice CaM as compared to Arabidopsis CaM due to the presence of highly conserved four EF-hand domains. To decipher the in-planta function of EcCaM, we have adopted the gain-of-function approach by generating the 35S::EcCaM over-expression transgenic in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of EcCaM in Arabidopsis makes the plant tolerant to polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought and salt stress (NaCl) as demonstrated by post-germination based phenotypic assay, ion leakage, MDA and proline estimation, ROS detection under stressed and normal conditions. Moreover, EcCaM overexpression leads to hypersensitivity toward exogenously applied ABA at the seed germination stage. These findings reveal that EcCaM mediates tolerance to drought and salinity stress. Also, our results indicate that EcCaM is involved in modulating ABA signaling. Summarizing our results, we report for the first time that EcCaM is involved in modulating plants response to stress and this information can be used for the generation of future-ready crops that can tolerate a wide range of abiotic stresses.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus and G. B. Pant Agriculture and Technology University for providing facilities to conduct this research work. This study was supported by Department of Biotechnology (Project code 7069) to AK. Research work in GKP’s lab is supported by Delhi University (IoE/FRP grant), Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India. GJ, AA and SKS acknowledges DBT fellowship and NS is thankful to UGC, India for D. S. Kothari postdoctoral fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Gautam Jamra, Aparna Agarwal & Anil Kumar

  2. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriculture University, NH-75, Near Pahuj Dam, Gwalior Road, Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anil Kumar

  3. Lab No. 302, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, South Campus, South Moti Bagh, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Gautam Jamra, Nidhi Singh, Sibaji K. Sanyal & Girdhar K. Pandey

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  1. Gautam Jamra
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  2. Aparna Agarwal
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  4. Sibaji K. Sanyal
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  5. Anil Kumar
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  6. Girdhar K. Pandey
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Contributions

GKP and AK conceived and planned the research. GJ, AA and NS conducted experiments. GJ, AA, NS, SKS, AK and GKP analyzed the data. GJ and GKP wrote and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anil Kumar or Girdhar K. Pandey.

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Jamra, G., Agarwal, A., Singh, N. et al. Ectopic expression of finger millet calmodulin confers drought and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 40, 2205–2223 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02743-z

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