Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development

Salazar-Iribe, Alexis; De-la-Peña, Clelia

doi:10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y

Review
Published: 22 September 2020

Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development

Plant Cell Reports volume 39, pages 1595–1608 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxin-mediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAUR and TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis.

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Abbreviations

IAA:: Indole-3-acetic acid
Trp:: Tryptophan
AUX/IAA:: AUXIN/3-INDOLE ACETIC ACID
TIR1:: TRANSPORT INHIBITOR FACTOR1
CAB:: Chlorophyll a–b binding proteins
DOC1 :: DARK OVEREXPRESSION OF CAB1
NTRC :: NADPH–THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE
CMAL :: CHLOROPLAST MraW-LIKE
SAUR :: SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA
GH3 :: Gretchen Hagen 3 Family
YUC :: YUCCA
PIN:: PIN FORMED
PHY :: PHYTOCHROME
HB7 :: Homeodomain-leucine zipper I HB7
GLK2 :: GOLDEN 2-LIKE
ARF :: AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR
GLK1 :: GOLDEN 1-LIKE
AHK :: Arabidopsis histidine kinase
ALA:: 5-Aminolevulinic acid
ARR :: The type B Arabidopsis response regulators
CAO :: Chlide a oxygenase
CHLH :: Magnesium chelatase
LHCB :: Light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll binding protein
CLH :: Chlorophyllase
CRY :: Cryptochrome
DELLA :: Gibberellic acid-regulated growth-repression DELLA proteins
EBF1 :: EIN3-binding F-box 1
EIN3/EIL1 :: Ethylene-insensitive 3/EIN3-LIKE 1
GUN4 :: GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4
HEMA :: Glu-tRNA reductase
GA:: Gibberellin acid
ABA:: Abscisic acid
ABI5 :: ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5
NO:: Nitric oxide
HP2 :: HIGH PIGMENT2
SKL1 :: SHIKIMATE KINASE-LIKE1
PGAM:: Phosphoglycerate mutase amino sequence
PGDH1 :: PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE1
RNJ :: RIBONUCLEASE J
SVR9 :: SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION9
SVRPL1 :: SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION9 LIKE-1
2,4-D:: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
HY5 :: LONG-HYPOCOTYL5
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
H₂O₂ :: Hydrogen peroxide
AsA–GSH cycle:: Ascorbate–glutathione cycle
Cd:: Cadmium

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a Posdoctoral Fellowship to A.S.I from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT). This work was supported by a grant from CONACyT to C.D-L-P (CB2016-285898 and CB2016-286368) and from the Marcos Moshinsky Foundation.

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Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Alexis Salazar-Iribe & Clelia De-la-Peña

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Alexis Salazar-Iribe
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Clelia De-la-Peña
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ASI: wrote the manuscript. CDLP: conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision, writing-review and editing.

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Correspondence to Clelia De-la-Peña.

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Salazar-Iribe, A., De-la-Peña, C. Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development. Plant Cell Rep 39, 1595–1608 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y

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Received: 24 June 2020
Accepted: 07 September 2020
Published: 22 September 2020
Issue Date: December 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y

Keywords

Auxin
Chloroplast
Albinism
Photosynthesis
Gene regulation
Tryptophan metabolism