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Production of recombinant proteins through sequestration in chloroplasts: a strategy based on nuclear transformation and post-translational protein import

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Abstract

Recently, plants have emerged as a lucrative alternative system for the production of recombinant proteins, as recombinant proteins produced in plants are safer and cheaper than those produced in bacteria and animal cell-based production systems. To obtain high yields in plants, recombinant proteins are produced in chloroplasts using different strategies. The first strategy is based on chloroplast transformation, followed by gene expression and translation in chloroplasts. This has proven to be a powerful approach for the production of proteins at high levels. The second approach is based on nuclear transformation, followed by post-translational import of proteins from the cytosol into chloroplasts. In the nuclear transformation approach, foreign genes are stably integrated into the nuclear genome or transiently expressed in the nucleus by non-integrating T-DNA. Although this approach also has great potential for protein production at high levels, it has not been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we focus on nuclear transformation-based protein expression and its subsequent sequestration in chloroplasts, and summarize the different strategies used for high-level production of recombinant proteins. We also discuss future directions for further improvements in protein production in chloroplasts through nuclear transformation-based gene expression.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Woojangchoon Project (PJ0109532018) of Rural Development Agency, Korea. Thangarasu Muthamil Selvan was supported by Korea Research Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (Grant Number 2016H1D3A1938045).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea

    Thangarasu Muthamilselvan & Inhwan Hwang

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, South Korea

    Jung Sun Kim

  3. Department of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea

    Gangwon Cheong

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  1. Thangarasu Muthamilselvan
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  2. Jung Sun Kim
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Muthamilselvan, T., Kim, J.S., Cheong, G. et al. Production of recombinant proteins through sequestration in chloroplasts: a strategy based on nuclear transformation and post-translational protein import. Plant Cell Rep 38, 825–833 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02431-z

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