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In vitro conservation of oil palm somatic embryos for 20 years on a hormone-free culture medium: characteristics of the embryogenic cultures, derived plantlets and adult palms

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Abstract

This study was conducted over a period of 20 years, to assess the problems involved in developing subcultures over a very long period, of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) somatic embryos which were maintained in vitro on a Murashige and Skoog mineral-based culture medium, without growth regulators. Analysis of the proliferation rate of the embryogenic cultures, along with the survivability of the regenerated plantlets after their transfer into soil and of the flowering of the derived adult palms has been conducted for cultures maintained in vitro during 1 to 20 years. From the ninth year of maintenance, the tissue quality of the somatic embryos gradually began to decline. However, after more than 20 years, 30% of the 20 clones tested still continued to proliferate satisfactorily on the same maintenance medium, keeping their multiplication potential intact. Even though a depressive effect of the age of the lines has been observed on the survival capacity of plants under natural conditions, it is noteworthy that among the clones originating from 20-year-old cultures only eight of them (40%) have exhibited the “mantled” floral abnormality. Different hypotheses concerning the origin of the disruptions observed on the in vitro cultures, plantlets and adult palms that occur over a very long period of in vitro conservation are discussed.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

NAA:

α-Naphthalenacetic acid

IAA:

Indoleacetic acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

FGC:

Fast-growing calli

NC:

Nodular calli

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the former staff of IRHO (Institut de Recherche pour les Huiles et Oléagineux) *en* Côte d’Ivoire and of IDEFOR (Institut Des Forêts de Côte d’Ivoire) *de la Station de La Mé*, especially to Mrs Christian de Berchoux, Jean Charles Jacquemard and Dr Brou Kouamé who supported them throughout. In addition they wish to extend their gratitude to CIRAD and the senior management of CNRA for graciously offering to publish the results. Special thanks finally to Ms Biggins for the translation in English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programme Palmier/Laboratoire de culture in vitro, CNRA, Station de La Mé, 13 BP 989, Abidjan 13, Côte d’Ivoire

    K. Eugene Konan

  2. CIRAD, UPR Génétique Palmier, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Tristan Durand-Gasselin & Albert Flori

  3. Laboratoire de Biologie et Amélioration des productions végétales/UFR des Sciences de la Nature, Université Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d’Ivoire

    Y. Justin Kouadio

  4. CIRAD Bios. UMR DIAPC, Centre IRD, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Alain Rival

  5. IRD, UMR 1098, Centre IRD, 911, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Yves Duval

  6. CIRAD PERSYST UPR “Systèmes de Culture Annuels” – Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France

    Catherine Pannetier

Authors
  1. K. Eugene Konan
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  2. Tristan Durand-Gasselin
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  3. Y. Justin Kouadio
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  4. Albert Flori
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  5. Alain Rival
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  6. Yves Duval
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  7. Catherine Pannetier
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Correspondence to Catherine Pannetier.

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Communicated by L. Jouanin.

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Konan, K.E., Durand-Gasselin, T., Kouadio, Y.J. et al. In vitro conservation of oil palm somatic embryos for 20 years on a hormone-free culture medium: characteristics of the embryogenic cultures, derived plantlets and adult palms. Plant Cell Rep 29, 1–13 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-009-0787-y

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