Abstract
The effect of osmotic stress on cell growth and phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) biosynthesis was investigated in cell suspension cultures of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, a desert medicinal plant grown in west region of China. Various initial sucrose concentrations significantly affected cell growth and PeGs biosynthesis in the suspension cultures, and the highest dry weight and PeGs accumulation reached 15.9 g l−1-DW and 20.7 mg g−1-DW respectively at the initial osmotic stress of 300 mOsm kg−1 where the sucrose concentration was 175.3 mM. Stoichiometric analysis with different combinations of sucrose and non-metabolic sugar (mannitol) or non-sugar osmotic agents (PEG and NaCl) revealed that osmotic stress itself was an important factor for enhancing PeGs biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of C. deserticola. The maximum PeGs contents of 26.9 and 23.8 mg g−1-DW were obtained after 21 days at the combinations of 87.6 mM sucrose with 164.7 mM mannitol (303 mOsm kg−1) or 20 mM PEG respectively, which was higher than that of C. deserticola cell cultures grown under an initial sucrose concentration of 175.3 mM after 30 days. The stimulated PeGs accumulation in the cell suspension cultures was correlated to the increase of phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) activity induced by osmotic stress.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cheng XY, Wei T, Guo B, Ni W, Liu CZ (2005a) Cistanche deserticola cell suspension cultures:Phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis and antioxidant activity. Process Biochem 40:3119–3124
Cheng XY, Guo B, Zhou HY, Ni W, Liu CZ (2005b) Repeated elicitation enhances phenylethanoid glycosides accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Cistanche deserticola. Biochem Eng J 24:203–207
Cheng XY, Zhou HY, Cui X, Ni W, Liu CZ (2006) Improvement of phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis in Cistanche deserticola cell suspension cultures by chitosan elicitor. J Biotech 121:253–260
Du NS, Liu JL (1993a) Determination of phenylethnoid glycosides in Cistanche deserticola by macrorecicular resin spectrophotometry. Nat Prod Res Dev 5:30–33
Du NS, Wang H, Yi YH (1993b) Isolation and identification of phenylethnoid glycosides from Cistanche deserticola. Nat Prod Res Dev 5:5–8
Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK (1956) Colorimetric methods for the determination of sugar and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350–357
Godoy-Hernandez GC, Vazquez-Flota FA, Loyola-Vargas VM (2000) The exposure to trans-cinnamic acid of osmotically stressed Catharanthus roseus cells cultured in a 14-l bioreactor increases alkaloid accumulation. Biotechnol Lett 22:921–925
Hahlbrock K, Grisebach H (1979) Enzymic controls in the biosynthesis of ligin and flavonoids. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 30:105–130
Kim SI, Choi HK, Kim JH (2001) Effect of osmotic pressure on paclitaxel production in suspension cell cultures of Taxus chinensis. Enzyme Microb Tech 28:202–209
Koukol J, Conn EE (1961) The metabolism of aromatic and properties of the phenylalanine deaminase of Hordeum vulgare. J Biol Chem 236:2692–2698
Lu MC (1998) Studies on the sedative effect of Cistanche deserticola. J Ethnopharmacol 59:161–165
Lu CT, Mei XG (2003) Improvement of phenylethanoid glycosides production by a fungal elicitor in cell suspension culture of Cistanche deserticola. Biotechnol Lett 25:1437–1439
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol 15:473–497
Ouyang J, Wang XD, Zhao B, Yuan XF, Wang YC (2003) Effect of rare earth elements on the growth of Cistanche deserticola cells and the production of phenylethanoid glycosides. J Biotechnol 102:129–134
Shohael AM, Hakrabarty D, Ali MB, Yu KW, Hahn EJ, Lee HL, Paek KY (2006) Enhancement of eleutherosides production in embryogenic cultures of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus in response to sucrose-induced osmotic stress. Process Biochem 41:512–518
Smith JL, Smart NJ, Kurd WGW, Misawa M (1987) The use of organic and inorganic compounds to increase the accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don cell suspension cultures. J Exp Bot 38:1507–1511
Steponkus PL, Lanphear FO (1967) Refinement of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method of determining cold injury. Plant Physiol 42:1423–1426
Wang HQ, Wu JT, Zhong JJ (1999) Significant improvement of taxane production in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis by sucrose feeding strategy. Process Biochem 35:479–483
Wang XW, Jiang XY, Wu LY, Wang XF (2001) Scavenging effect of glycosides of Cistanche deserticola on free radicals and its protection against OH-induced DNA damage in vitro. Chin Pharm J 36:29–31
Wu JY, Wong K, Ho KP, Zhou LG (2005) Enhancement of saponin production in Panax ginseng cell culture by osmotic stress and nutrient feeding. Enzyme Microb Technol 36:133–138
Zhang YH, Zhong JJ, Yu JT (1995) Effect of osmotic pressure on cell growth and production of Ginseng saponin and polysaccharide in suspension cultures of Panax Notoginseng. Biotechnol Lett 17:1347–1350
Zong GZ, He W, Wu GL, Chen LH (1996) Comparisons between Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma and Cistanche tubulisa (Scheak) Wight an some pharmacological activities. Tradit Chin Med J 21:436–438
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support from Innovation Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by K. Kamo.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, CZ., Cheng, XY. Enhancement of phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis in cell cultures of Cistanche deserticola by osmotic stress. Plant Cell Rep 27, 357–362 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0443-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0443-3