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High-frequency plant regeneration through cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

  • Cell Biology and Morphogenesis
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Abstract

A high-frequency plantlet regeneration protocol was developed for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) through cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis. Secondary embryos formed from the radicular end of the primary somatic embryos which were originally derived from micropylar tissues of germinating seeds on growth regulator-free SH medium in the absence of light. The process of secondary embryogenesis continued in a cyclic manner from the root pole of newly formed embryos resulting in clumps of somatic embryos. Strength of the medium and sucrose concentration influenced the process of secondary embryogenesis and fresh weight of somatic embryo clumps. Full-strength SH medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose produced significantly higher fresh weight and numbers of secondary somatic embryos while 3.0 and 4.5% sucrose in the medium favored further development of proliferated embryos into plantlets. Ontogeny of secondary embryos was established by histological analysis. Secondary embryogenic potential was influenced by the developmental stage of the explanted somatic embryo and stages up to “torpedo” were more suitable. A single-flask system was standardized for proliferation, maturation, germination and conversion of secondary somatic embryos in suspension cultures. The system of cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis in black pepper described here represents a permanent source of embryogenic material that can be used for genetic manipulations of this crop species.

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Abbreviations

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

PE:

Primary somatic embryo

SE:

Secondary somatic embryo

SH:

Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, 673012, Kerala, India

    R. Ramakrishnan Nair

  2. Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India

    S. Dutta Gupta

Authors
  1. R. Ramakrishnan Nair
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  2. S. Dutta Gupta
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Correspondence to R. Ramakrishnan Nair.

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Communicated by S. A. Merkle

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Nair, R.R., Dutta Gupta, S. High-frequency plant regeneration through cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Plant Cell Rep 24, 699–707 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0016-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0016-2

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