Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease: four new cases and a comprehensive literature review

  • Review Article - Cases with a Message
  • Published:
Rheumatology International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder. Intracardiac thrombus formation (ICTF) is an uncommon but important complication of BD. To highlight recent insights into this disease, we aimed to review ICTF and other systemic involvements associated with ICTF in BD. We conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 to 2014 to analyze cumulated data about ICTF in BD. We aimed to evaluate 93 cases of BD with ICT (group 1), four of which have been recently identified and have not been discussed in the relevant literature yet, and to compare the frequency of pulmonary, venous and arterial involvements in group 1 and general Behçet population (group 2). The right heart was the most common site of ICTF in group 1. Pulmonary involvement, venous involvement (especially venous thrombosis) and arterial involvement were more frequent in group 1 than in group 2 (56 vs. 0.7 %, 42 vs. 10 % and 38 vs. 0.8 %, respectively, p < 0.0001). The diagnosis of BD should be considered if a patient presents with a mass in the right-sided cardiac chambers, even in the absence of the characteristic clinical manifestations of the illness. This approach is particularly applicable if the patient is a young man from the Mediterranean basin or the Middle East. All Behçet patients with ICTF must be investigated with thoracic computed tomography for pulmonary and arterial involvements and lower extremity venous Doppler ultrasonography for venous thrombosis, regardless of whether they are symptomatic for these systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kastner DL (1997) Intermittent and periodic arthritic syndromes. In: Kopman WJ (ed) Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology, 13th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1279–1306

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kaklamani VG, Variopoulos G, Kaklamanis PG (1998) Behçet’s disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 27:197–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. International Study Group for Behçet’s Disease (1990) Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Lancet 335:1078–1080

    Google Scholar 

  4. Davies JD (1993) Behçet’s syndrome with haemoptysis and pulmonary lesions. J Pathol 109:351–356

    Google Scholar 

  5. Buge A, Escourolle R, Chomette G, Rancurel G, Dechy H, Hauw JJ, Gray F (1977) Maladie de Behçet avec manifestations neurologiques et fibrose endocardique du coeur droit: etude anatomoclinique d’une observation. Ann Med Interne 128:411–419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Candan I, Erol C, Sonel A, Akalin H (1986) Behçet’s disease: cardiac and pulmonary involvement. Eur Heart J 7:999–1002

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Augarten A, Apter S, Theodor R (1987) Right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary arteritis in Behçet’s disease. Isr J Med Sci 23:900–901

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lie JT (1988) Cardiac and pulmonary manifestations of Behçet syndrome. Pathol Res Pract 183:347–352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Vanhaleweyk G, El-Ramahi KM, Hazmi M, Sieck JO, Zaman L, Fawzy M (1990) Right atrial, right ventricular and left ventricular thrombi in (incomplete) Behçet’s disease. Eur Heart J 11:957–959

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. El-Ramahi KM, Fawzy ME, Sieck JO, Vanhaleweyk G (1991) Cardiac and pulmonary involvement in Behçet’s disease. Scand J Rheumatol 20:373–376

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pottiez Y, Francois D (1991) Thrombus intraventriculaire (iatrogene?) et maladie de Behçet. Rev Rhum 58:543–544

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sayin AG, Vural FS, Bozkurt AK, Oz B, Uygun N (1993) Right atrial thrombus mimicking myxoma and bilateral pulmonary artery aneurysms in a patient with Behçet’s disease: a case report. Angiology 44:915–918

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Madanat WY, Prokaeva TB, Kotel’nikova GP, Alekberova ZS (1993) Endocarditis with left atrial thrombus formation in Behçet’s disease mimicking myxoma. J Rheumatol 20:1982–1984

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Mendes LA, Magraw LL, Aldea GS, Dawidoff R (1994) Right ventricular thrombus: an unusual manifestation of Behçet’s disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 7:438–440

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Islim IF, Gill MD, Situnayake D, Watson RD (1994) Successful treatment of right atrial thrombus in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 53:550–551

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nakata Y, Awazu M, Kojima Y, Tokumura M, Yamagishi H, Yamashita N (1995) Behçet’s disease presenting with a right atrial vegetation. Pediatr Cardiol 16:150–152

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Soulami S, Nour-Eddine M, Azzouzi L, Bennis A, Chraibi N (1996) Fibrose endomyocardique du coeur droit au cours de la maladie de Behçet. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 89:917–921

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Huong DL, Wechsler B, Papo T, de Zuttere D, Bletry O, Hernigou A, Delcourt A, Godeau P, Piette JC (1997) Endomyocardial fibrosis in Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 56:205–208

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Huong DL, Dolmazon C, De Zuttere D, Wechsler B, Godeau P, Piette JC (1997) Complete recovery of right intraventricular thrombus and pulmonary arteritis in Behçet’s disease. Br J Rheumatol 36:130–132

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Roguin A, Edoute Y, Milo S, Shtiwi S, Markiewicz W, Reisner SA (1997) A fatal case of Behçet’s disease associated with multiple cardiovascular lesions. Int J Cardiol 59:267–273

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kirali K, Civelek A, Daglar B, Sismanoglu M, Akinci E, Berki T, Isik O, Yakut C (1998) An uncommon complication of Behçet’s disease: intracardiac thrombosis needing surgical treatment. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 46:102–105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Harmouche H, Tazi Mezalek Z, Adnaoui M, Aouni M, Mohattane A, Maaouni A, Berbich A (1998) Association aneurysme de l’artere pulmonaire, thromboses intracardiaques et anticorps antiphospholipides au cours de la maladie de Behçet: a propo d’un cas. Rev Med Interne 19:512–515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Duchene F, Berthier S, de Wazieres B, Zyka F, Leroy J, Estavoyer JM, Hoen B, Dupond JL (1998) Behçet’s disease with cardiac and pulmonary manifestations. Presse Med 27:1674–1676

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Mogulkoc N, Burgess MI, Bishop PW (2000) Intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease: a systematic review. Chest 118:479–487

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yasuo M, Nagano S, Yazaki Y, Koizumi T, Kitabayashi H, Imamura H, Amano J, Isobe M (1999) Pulmonary embolism due to right ventricular thrombus in a case of Behçet’s disease. Jpn Circ J 63:909–911

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gurgun C, Sagcan A, Cinar CS, Yagdi T, Zoghi M, Tekten T, Kultursay H (2000) Right atrial and ventricular thrombi in Behçet’s disease: a case report and review of literature. Blood Coag Fibrinol 11:107–110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Basaran Y, Degertekin M, Direskeneli H, Yakut C (2000) Cardiac thrombosis in a patient with Behçet’s disease: two years follow-up. Int J Card Imaging 16:377–382

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Vaya A, Forner MJ, Villa P, Mira Y, Ferrnando F, Garcia Fuster JM, Oliver V, Aznar J (2000) Intracardiac thrombosis in a case of Behçet’s disease associated with the prothrombin 20210G-A mutation. Haematologica 85:425–428

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dincer I, Dandachi R, Atmaca Y, Erol C, Caglar N, Oral D (2001) A recurrent right heart thrombus in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Echocardiography 18:15–18

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ozatli D, Kav T, Haznedaroglu IC, Buyukasik Y, Kosar A, Ozcebe O, Dundar SV (2001) Cardiac and great vessel thrombosis in Behçet’s disease. Intern Med 40:68–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Baykan M, Celik S, Erdol C, Baykan EC, Durmus I, Bahadir S, Erdol H, Orem C, Cakirbay H (2001) Behçet’s disease with a large intracardiac thrombus: a case report. Heart 85:E7

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Yoshida S, Fujimori K, Hareyama M, Nakata T (2001) Cardiac thrombus in Behçet disease. Chest 120:688–689

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Cemri M, Erkan A, Ozdemir M, Cengel A (2002) Behçet’s disease with a large and free right atrial thrombus. Eur J Echocardiogr 3:233–235

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Altunkeser BB, Gormus N, Ozdemir K, Durgut K, Ozdemir A, Solak H, Gok H (2002) A recurrent right atrial thrombus: a suggestive sign for Behçet’s disease? A case report. Heart Vessels 16:196–197

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hassikou H, Bono W, Bahiri R, Abir S, Benomar M, Hassoini NH (2002) Vascular involvement in Behçet’s disease. Two case reports. Joint Bone Spine 69:416–418

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Houman MH, Ksontini I, Ben Ghorbel I, Lamloum M, Braham A, Mnif E, Miled M (2002) Association of right heart thrombosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, and pulmonary artery aneurysm in Behçet’s disease. Eur J Intern Med 13:455–457

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Tursen U, Ulubas B, Irfan Kaya T, Pekdemirt H, Ikizoglu G (2002) Cardiac complications in Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 27:651–653

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Duzgun N, Anil C, Ozer F, Anican T (2002) The disappearance of pulmonary artery aneurysms and intracardiac thrombus with immunosuppressive treatment in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 20:56–57

    Google Scholar 

  39. Goktekin O, Korkmaz C, Timuralp B, Kudaiberdieva G, Gorenek B, Cavusoglu Y, Melek M, Unalir A, Ata N (2002) Widespread thrombosis associated with recurrent intracardiac masses in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 18:431–434

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ozdemir N, Kaymaz C, Ozkan M (2003) Thrombolytic treatment of right atrial thrombus in Behçet’s disease under guidance of serial transesophageal echocardiography. J Heart Valve Dis 12:377–381

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kaya A, Ertan C, Gurkan OU, Fitoz S, Atasoy C, Lilickap M, Numanoglu N (2004) Behçet’s disease with right ventricle thrombus and bilateral pulmonary artery aneurysms-a case report. Angiology 55:573–575

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Noureddine M, Charei N, Drighil A, Chraibi N (2004) Right intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 97:925–928

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Fekih M, Fennira S, Ghodbane L, Zaouali RM (2004) Intracardiac thrombosis: unusual complication of Behçet’s disease. Tunis Med 82:785–790

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ben Ghorbel I, Ibn Elhadj Z, Khanfir M, Braham A, Fekih M, Drissa H, Houman MH (2004) Intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease. A report of three cases. J Mal Vasc 29:159–161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ozer N, Ciftci O, Demirci M, Atalar E, Ovunc K, Aksoyek S, Ozmen F, Kes S (2005) Right ventricular outflow tract thrombus in a case of Behçet’s disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18:380–382

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Darie C, Knesinsky M, Demolombe-Rague S, Pinede L, Perinetti M, Ninet JF, Ninet J (2005) Cardiac pseudotumor revealing Behçet’s disease. Rev Med Interne 26:420–424

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hammami S, Mahjoub S, Ben-Hamda K, Brahem R, Gamra H, Ben Farhat M (2005) Intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease: two case reports. Thromb J 25:3–9

    Google Scholar 

  48. Atalay F, Ernam D, Okten F, Akar N (2005) Elevated FVIII and FIX level in a Behçet’s disease patient with intracardiac thrombosis and pulmonary arterial aneurysms. Thromb Res 115:159–161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kaneko Y, Tanaka K, Yoshizawa A, Yasuoka H, Suwa A, Satoh T, Iwanaga S, Ogawa S, Ikeda Y, Hirakata M (2005) Successful treatment of recurrent intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease with immunosuppressive therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 23:885–887

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Yapıcıoglu S, Kayık Demir A, Buyuksirin M, Ozkan M, Soy O, Aktogu Ozkan S (2005) A case of Behçet’s disease with intracardiac thrombus and pulmonary involvement showing good response to medical therapy. Toraks Dergisi 6:271–275

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ernam D, Atalay F, Alp A, Hasanoglu HC (2006) A Behçet’s disease patient with intracardiac thrombus, pulmonary artery aneurysms complicating recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism. Tuberk Toraks 54:1668–1671

    Google Scholar 

  52. Okumuş G, Kiyan E, Biricik S, Bilgec AK, Kamalıd S, Kilicaslana Z, Arsevena O (2006) Atrial thrombi due to Behçet’s disease: case report. Respiratory Medicine Extra 2:16–18

    Google Scholar 

  53. Baki K, Villiger PM, Jenni D, Meyer T, Beer JH (2006) Behçet’s disease with life-threatening haemoptoe and pulmonary aneurysms: complete remission and pulmonary aneurysms: complete remission. Ann Rheum Dis 65:1531–1532

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Miranda R, Lázaro Castillo JL, Gómez R, Arias Monroy LG, Ramírez Reyes HA, León Avila JL, Munayer C (2007) Right ventricular thrombous and pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behçet’s disease. Report of one case. Arch Cardiol Mex 77:130–136

    Google Scholar 

  55. Vahedian J, Sadeghpour A (2006) Arterial homograft and medical therapy in pseudoaneurysm of infrarenal aorta concomitant with recurrent right ventricular thrombus in Behçet’s disease. Saudi Med J 27:1401–1403

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Yakut ZI, Odev K (2007) Pulmonary and cardiac involvement in Behçet disease: 3 case reports. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 13:318–322

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kajiya T, Anan R, Kameko M, Mizukami M, Minagoe S, Hamasaki S, Maruyama I, Sakata R, Tei C (2007) Intracardiac thrombus, superior vena cava syndrome, and pulmonary embolism in a patient with Behçet’s disease: a case report and literature review. Heart Vessels 22:278–283

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Leibowitz D, Planer D, Chajek-Shaul T (2007) Echocardiographic manifestations of Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease. Eur J Echocardiogr 8:457–462

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Dogan SM, Birdane A, Korkmaz C, Ata N, Timuralp B (2007) Right ventricular thrombus with Behçet’s syndrome: successful treatment with warfarin and immunosuppressive agents. Tex Heart Inst J 34:360–362

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Chiari E, Fracassi F, D’Aloia A, Vizzardi E, Zanini G, Rocca P, Metra M, Cas LD (2008) Right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary thromboembolism/thrombosis in Behçet’s disease: a case report. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1079

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Marc K, Iraqui G, Jniene A, Benamor J, Bourkadi JE (2008) Intracardiac thrombus and pulmonary artery aneurysm in Behçet’s disease. Rev Mal Respir 25:69–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Chang JE, Lee YH, Lee J (2008) Multiple cardiovascular complications in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Korean J Intern Med 23:100–102

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Vivante A, Bujanover Y, Jacobson J, Padeh S, Berkun Y (2009) Intracardiac thrombus and pulmonary aneurysms in an adolescent with Behçet disease. Rheumatol Int 29:575–577

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. El Houari T, Oukerraj L, Ghzaiel L, Fellat I, Azeroual M, Serraj K, Mezalek ZT, Cherti M, Zarzur J, Arharbi M (2009) Management of Behçet disease with multiple complications. Hellenic J Cardiol 50:420–422

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Hiwarkar P, Stasi R, Sutherland G, Shannon M (2010) Deep vein and intracardiac thrombosis during the post-partum period in Behçet’s disease. Int J Hematol 91:679–686

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Louali FE, Tamdy A, Soufiani A, Oukerraj L, Omari D, Bounjoum F, Mekouar F, Tazi-Mezalek Z, Bouhouch R, Zarzur J, Cherti M (2010) Cardiac thrombosis as a manifestation of Behçet syndrome. Tex Heart Inst J 37:568–571

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Piga M, Puchades F, Mayo I, D’Cruz D (2010) Successful thrombolytic therapy for recurrent right ventricular thrombosis in Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 28(4 Suppl 60):S76–S78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Sacré K, Ducrocq G, Hernigou A, Laissy JP, Papo T (2010) Unusual cardiovascular events in Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 28(4 Suppl 60):S82–S85

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Erer B, Erer B, Nurkalem Z, Lutfu Orhan A, Ozdil K, Eren M (2011) A fatal case of Behçet’s disease. Int Angiol 30:92–94

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Elqatni M, Sekkach Y, Abouzahir A, Ghafir D (2011) Right atrium thrombus and pulmonary artery aneurysm in a man with Behçet’s disease. Intern Med 50:263–264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Thamotheram S, Thirumavalavan K (2011) A case of Behçet’s disease complicated with intra cardiac thrombus and Budd Chiari syndrome. Ceylon Med J 56:42–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Khammar Z, Berrady R, Boukhrissa A, Lamchachti L, Amrani K, Rabhi S, Bono W (2011) Intracardiac thrombosis in Behçet disease: clinical presentation and outcome of three cases. J Mal Vasc 36:270–273

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Solmaz D, Sari I, Ozpelit E, Yilmaz E (2011) Intracardiac thrombosis and superior vena cava syndrome in Behçet’s disease. Intern Med 50:1787–1788

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Canpolat U, Yorgun H, Akdoğan A, Aytemir K (2012) Successful treatment of intracardiac and pulmonary thrombi in Behçet’s disease with oral anticoagulant and immunosuppressive therapy. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 55:186–188

    Google Scholar 

  75. Zaghba N, Ech-cherrate A, Benjelloun H, Yassine N, Bakhatar A, Bahlao Luoui A (2012) Cardiac thrombosis, pulmonary artery aneurism and pulmonary embolism revealed Behçet’s disease. Rev Pneumol Clin 68:307–310

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Hammami R, Abid L, Frikha F, Marzouk S, Tounsi A, Frikha Z, Hentati M, Bahloul Z, Kammoun S (2012) Intracardiac thrombus in a young man: don’t forget Behçet’s disease! Intern Med 51:1865–1867

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Malik AA, Halabi AM, Jamil G, Qureshi A (2012) Rare manifestation of Behçet’s syndrome: insight from multimodality cardiovascular imaging. BMJ Case Rep 6:2012

    Google Scholar 

  78. Bouzelmat H, Chaib A, Kheyi J, Kotni M, Ghafir D, Moustaghfir A (2013) Hemoptysis revealing pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with intracardiac thrombosis: a delicate anticoagulation situation (a case report of Behçet’s disease). J Mal Vasc 38:198–200

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Samrah SM, Saadeh SS, Alawneh KM (2013) Resolution of intracardiac and pulmonary thrombi without anticoagulation in a patient with Behçet’s disease: a case report. Clin Exp Rheumatol 31(3 Suppl 77):90–92

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 151:W65–W94

  81. Shahram F, Nadji A, Jamshidi AR, Chams H, Chams C, Shafaie N, Akbarian M, Gharibdoost F, Davatchi F (2004) Behçet’s disease in Iran, analysis of 5059 cases. Arch Iranian Med 7:9–14

    Google Scholar 

  82. Nakae K, Masaki F, Hashimoto T, Inaba G, Mochizuki M, Sakane T (1993) Recent epidemiological features of Behçet’s disease in Japan. In: Wechsler B, Godeau P (eds) Behçet’s disease. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 145–151

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gurler A, Boyvat A, Tursen U (1997) Clinical manifestations of Behçet’s disease: an analysis of 2147 patients. Yonsei Med J 38:423–427

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Bang D, Lee JH, Lee ES, Lee S, Choi JS, Kim YK, Cho BK, Koh JK, Won YH, Kim NI, Park SD, Ahn HJ, Lee YW, Wang HY, Lee WW, Eun HC, Song ES, Lee SW, Lee CW, Lee CJ, Park JH, Song YW, Kim ST, Kim CY, Park JK, Kwon KS (2001) Epidemiologic and clinical survey of Behçet’s disease in Korea: the first multicenter study. J Korean Med Sci 16:615–618

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Zouboulis CC, Kötter I, Djawari D, Kirch W, Kohl PK, Ochsendorf FR, Keitel W, Stadler R, Wollina U, Proksch E, Söhnchen R, Weber H, Gollnick HP, Hölzle E, Fritz K, Licht T, Orfanos CE (1997) Epidemiological features of Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease in Germany and in Europe. Yonsei Med J 38:411–422

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hamdan A, Mansour W, Uthman I, Masri AF, Nasr F, Arayssi T (2006) Behçet’s disease in Lebanon: clinical profile, severity and two-decade comparison. Clin Rheumatol 25:364–367

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Krause I, Yankevich A, Fraser A, Rosner I, Mader R, Zisman D, Boulman N, Rozenbaum M, Weinberger A (2007) Prevalence and clinical aspects of Behçet’s disease in the north of Israel. Clin Rheumatol 26:555–560

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seyahi N (2002) The long term mortality and morbidity of Behçet’s syndrome (BS) (Abstract). Book of abstracts. 10th international congress on Behçet’s disease, Berlin, Abstr. 7

  89. Cocco G, Gasparyan AY (2010) Behçet’s disease: an Insight from a cardiologist’s point of view. Open Cardiovasc Med J 4:63–70

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kucukoglu R, Akdag-Kose A, KayabalI M, Yazganoglu KD, Disci R, Erzengin D, Azizlerli G (2006) Vascular involvement in Behçet’s disease: a retrospective analysis of 2319 cases. Int J Dermatol 45:919–921

    Google Scholar 

  91. Ames PR, Steuer A, Pap A, Denman AM (2001) Thrombosis in Behçet’s disease: a retrospective survey from a single UK centre. Rheumatology 40:652–655

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Lie JT (1992) Vascular involvement in Behçet’s disease: arterial and venous and vessels of all sizes. J Rheumatol 19:341–343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Le Thi Huong D, Wechsler B, Papo T, Piette JC, Bletry O, Vitoux JM, Kieffer E, Godeau P (1995) Arterial lesions in Behçet’s disease. A study in 25 patients. J Rheumatol 22:2103–2113

    Google Scholar 

  94. Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, Akman C, Hamuryudan V, Ozer H, Hatemi G, Yurdakul S, Tuzun H, Oz B, Yazici H (2012) Pulmonary artery involvement and associated lung disease in Behçet disease: a series of 47 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 91:35–48

    Google Scholar 

  95. Erkan F, Gül A, Tasali E (2001) Pulmonary manifestations of Behçet’s disease. Thorax 56:572–578

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Uzun O, Akpolat T, Erkan L (2005) Pulmonary vasculitis in Behçet disease: a cumulative analysis 127:2243–2253

  97. Hammami S, Addad F, Kaoubaa N, Golli M, Chebbi W, Hamzaoui A, Hammami M, Ben Farhat M, Majhoub S (2006) Pulmonary embolism and Behçet’s disease. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 99:786–790

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Bayraktar Y, Balkanci F, Bayraktar M, Calguneri M (1997) Budd-Chiari syndrome: a common complication of Behçet’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 92:858–862

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Tunacı M, Ozkorkmaz B, Tunacı A, Gul A, Engin G, Acunas B (1999) CT findings of pulmonary artery aneurysms during treatment for Behçet’s disease. Am J Roentgenol 172:729–733

    Google Scholar 

  100. Geri G, Wechsler B, Thi Huong du L, Isnard R, Piette JC, Amoura Z, Resche-Rigon M, Cacoub P, Saadoun D (2012) Spectrum of cardiac lesions in Behçet disease: a series of 52 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 91:25–34

    Google Scholar 

  101. Schmitz-Huebner U, Knop J (1984) Evidence for an endothelial cell dysfunction in association with Behçet’s disease. Thromb Res 34:277–285

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Aksu K, Turgan N, Oksel F, Keser G, Ozmen D, Kitapcioglu G, Gumusdis G, Bayindir O, Doganavsargil E (2001) Hyperhomocysteinaemia in Behçet’s disease. Rheumatology 40:687–690

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Kidd D, Steuer A, Denman AM, Rudge P (1999) Neurological complications in Behçet’s syndrome. Brain 122:2183–2194

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Siva A, Kantarci OH, Saip S, Altintas A, Hamuryudan V, Islak C, Kocer N, Yazici H (2001) Behçet’s disease: diagnostic and prognostic aspects of neurological involvement. J Neurol 248:95–103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Houman MH, Hamzaoui-B’Chir S, Ben Ghorbel I, Lamloum M, Ben Ahmed M, Abdelhak S, Miled M (2002) Neurologic manifestations of Behçet’s disease: analysis of a series of 27 patients. Rev Med Interne 23:592–606

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

There is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Tolga Aksu

  2. Department of Cardiology, Yuksek Ihtisas Heart-Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Omac Tufekcioglu

Authors
  1. Tolga Aksu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Omac Tufekcioglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tolga Aksu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aksu, T., Tufekcioglu, O. Intracardiac thrombus in Behçet’s disease: four new cases and a comprehensive literature review. Rheumatol Int 35, 1269–1279 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-014-3174-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-014-3174-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation