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Molecular and physiological effects of environmental UV radiation on fungal conidia

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Abstract

Conidia are specialized structures produced at the end of the asexual life cycle of most filamentous fungi. They are responsible for fungal dispersal and environmental persistence. In pathogenic species, they are also involved in host recognition and infection. Conidial production, survival, dispersal, germination, pathogenicity and virulence can be strongly influenced by exposure to solar radiation, although its effects are diverse and often species dependent. UV radiation is the most harmful and mutagenic waveband of the solar spectrum. Direct exposure to solar radiation for a few hours can kill conidia of most fungal species. Conidia are killed both by solar UV-A and UV-B radiation. In addition to killing conidia, which limits the size of the fungal population and its dispersion, exposures to sublethal doses of UV radiation can reduce conidial germination speed and virulence. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of solar radiation on conidia and on the major systems involved in protection from and repair of damage induced by solar UV radiation. The efforts that have been made to obtain strains of fungi of interest such as entomopathogens more tolerant to solar radiation will also be reviewed.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to express our appreciation to Alene Alder-Rangel who helped improve this manuscript. This review article was supported in part by the Grants 2012/15204-8 for GULB and 2010/06374-1 and 2014/01229-4 for DENR from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and by the grants PQ 304192/2012-0 for GULB and PQ 302312/2011 for DENR from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and for DWR by Cooperative Agreements with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA-APHIS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Gilberto U. L. Braga

  2. Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Gilberto U. L. Braga

  3. Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    Drauzio E. N. Rangel

  4. Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, GO, Brazil

    Éverton K. K. Fernandes

  5. Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA

    Stephan D. Flint

  6. Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA

    Donald W. Roberts

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  1. Gilberto U. L. Braga
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Correspondence to Gilberto U. L. Braga.

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Communicated by D. E. N. Rangel.

This article is part of the Special Issue “Fungal Stress Responses”.

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Braga, G.U.L., Rangel, D.E.N., Fernandes, É.K.K. et al. Molecular and physiological effects of environmental UV radiation on fungal conidia. Curr Genet 61, 405–425 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-015-0483-0

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