Zusammenfassung
In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Arten der Dysregulation von Signalproteinen im Kontext myeloproliferativer Neoplasien beleuchtet. In dieser heterogenen Erkrankungsgruppe spielt für die Initiation der Tumorigenese insbesondere die unkontrollierte Zellproliferation eine sehr wichtige Rolle, die von Robert Weinberg als ein „Hallmark“ für die Entstehung von Krebs bezeichnet wurde. Anhand der Dysregulation von GAB2, einem Protein, das an der Ausbildung des für die chronische myeloische Leukämie (CML) pathognomonischen BCR/ABL-Translokationskomplexes beteiligt ist, konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine quantitative Zunahme von GAB2 zu einer Verstärkung des Krankheitsbildes in einem BCR/ABL-positiven Mausmodell führt und die Akzeleration der Erkrankung mit einer Änderung der subzellulären Lokalisation des Signalmoleküls in Blasten humaner CML-Knochenmarkbiopsien einhergeht. Des Weiteren zeigen die Analysen eines Mausmodells, dass eine Proteinfehlregulation bedingt durch eine distinkte Translokation (TEL-SYK) zur Ausbildung eines ganz bestimmten und morphologisch sehr charakteristischen Phänotyps im Knochenmark erkrankter Mäuse führt. Darüber hinaus werden Ergebnisse präsentiert, die zeigen, dass in bestimmten Subgruppen von myeloproliferativen Neoplasien das zunächst nur in seiner Eigenschaft als Translokationsfaktor bekannte Protein NFE2 scheinbar mittels Änderung seiner subzellulären Lokalisation reguliert wird. Der Unterschied in der Lokalisation von NFE2 in erythroiden Knochenmarkzellen ist zwischen essentieller Thrombozythämie und primärer Myelofibrose so deutlich, dass die quantitative NFE2-Immunhistochemie als Zusatzuntersuchung zur frühen Unterscheidung dieser beiden Entitäten in der Routinediagnostik Anwendung finden kann.
Abstract
In this work different types of dysregulation of signaling proteins in the context of myeloproliferative neoplasms are examined. In this heterogeneous disease group, uncontrolled cell proliferation plays a crucial role for the initiation of tumorigenesis, which Robert Weinberg described as a “hallmark” for the development of cancer. Protein dysregulation in form of overexpression of GAB2, a protein involved in formation of the CML-pathognomonic BCR/ABL-translocation complex, results in an enhanced disease phenotype in a Bcr/Abl-positive mouse model and disease acceleration is associated with a change of the subcellular localization of GAB2 in human blasts in CML-bone marrow biopsies. Furthermore, analyses of a mouse model show that a protein dysregulation caused by a distinct translocation (Tel-Syk) leads to the formation of a specific and morphologically very characteristic phenotype in the bone marrow of diseased mice. Moreover, results were presented which show that in certain subgroups of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms the protein NFE2, which is initially known only as a translocating factor, is apparently regulated by altering its subcellular localization. The difference in the subcellular localization of NFE2 in erythroid bone marrow cells is so clear between Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis that quantitative NFE2 immunohistochemistry can be used as an ancillary tool to diagnostically discriminate these two entities in an early stage.
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Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet vom Autor durchgeführte Studien an Menschen und Tieren. Diese Studien wurden von der lokalen Ethikkomission bzw. dem Regierungspräsidium genehmigt.
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Aumann, K. Protein-Dysregulationen in humanen und murinen myeloproliferativen Neoplasien. Pathologe 39 (Suppl 2), 199–207 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-018-0520-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-018-0520-0