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Tumoren dendritischer und anderer akzessorischer Zellen der Lymphknoten

Tumors of dendritic and other accessory cells of lymph nodes

  • Schwerpunkt: Histiozytäre Erkrankungen
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Neben den wesentlich häufigeren Lymphomen können auch Neoplasien der dendritischen und anderer, sog. „akzessorischer“ Zellen primär im Lymphknoten entstehen. Dazu gehören histiozytäre Sarkome, follikuläre dendritische Sarkome, interdigitierende dendritische Sarkome, fibroblastäre Retikulumzelltumoren/zytokeratinpositive Interstitialzellneoplasien sowie schließlich Neoplasien indeterminierter dendritischer Zellen. Allen diesen Tumoren ist gemeinsam, dass sie – primär wegen ihrer Seltenheit – eine sehr schwierige Differenzialdiagnose darstellen. Durch eine sorgfältige Analyse gelingen aber die Abgrenzung zu anderen Sarkomen, sarkomatoiden Karzinomen, Lymphomen und Melanomen sowie dann eine exakte Klassifikation der entsprechenden Läsionen. Pathogenetisch ist die gehäufte Assoziation dieser Tumoren mit Lymphomen und Leukämien sowie der Nachweis identischer klonaler Antigenrezeptor-Rearrangements und/oder der Nachweis rekurrierender genetischer Aberrationen in beiden histologisch unterschiedlichen Tumoren interessant. Dies weist auf eine gemeinsame Vorläuferzelle bzw. zumindest auf einen gemeinsamen Ursprung hin.

Abstract

Besides the obviously much more common lymphomas, neoplasms of dendritic and other so-called accessory cells can also primarily originate in lymph nodes. These include histiocytic sarcomas, follicular dendritic cell sarcomas, interdigitating dendritic cell sarcomas, fibroblastic reticulum cell tumors/cytokeratin-positive interstitial cell neoplasms and neoplasms of indeterminate dendritic cells. A feature common to all of these tumors is the very difficult differential diagnosis, not least because of their rarity; however, a careful analysis will allow discrimination from other sarcomas, sarcomatoid carcinomas, lymphomas and melanomas and lead to the correct classification of the respective lesions. From the pathogenetic view point it is interesting that there is an increased association of these tumors with lymphomas and leukemias. Moreover, many cases demonstrate shared clonal antigen receptor rearrangements and/or recurrent genetic aberrations in both histologically different tumor components. This suggests a common precursor cell or at least a common derivation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz

    Alexandar Tzankov &  Stephan Dirnhofer

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  1. Alexandar Tzankov
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  2. Stephan Dirnhofer
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Correspondence to Alexandar Tzankov.

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A. Tzankov und S. Dirnhofer geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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F. Fend, Tübingen

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Tzankov, A., Dirnhofer, S. Tumoren dendritischer und anderer akzessorischer Zellen der Lymphknoten. Pathologe 36, 467–476 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-015-0042-y

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