Skip to main content
Log in

Bakterielle Kolitiden

Bacterial colitis

  • Schwerpunkt
  • Published:
Der Pathologe Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Entzündliche Veränderungen im Kolorektum stellen eine sehr häufige Differenzialdiagnose im pathohistologischen Untersuchungsmaterial dar. Dabei geht es zunächst um die Frage, ob überhaupt eine entzündungsrelevante zelluläre Infiltration in der Schleimhaut vorliegt: Falls dies der Fall ist, steht an zweiter Stelle die Frage nach der Ätiologie, speziell der Differenzialdiagnose zwischen einer infektiösen und einer nichtinfektiösen Genese. Prinzipiell lassen sich hier histologisch sicher diagnostizierbare Kolitiden (z. B. bei mikroskopischem Erregernachweis, aber auch lymphozytärer/kollagener Kolitis) von solchen entzündlichen Veränderungen unterscheiden, bei denen lediglich eine charakteristische Befundkonstellation vorliegt, die aber bei unterschiedlicher Ätiologie/Pathogenese vorkommen können (z. B. infektiöse Kolitis ohne mikroskopischen Erregernachweis vs. primäre chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung). Der vorliegende Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die Pathomorphologie der wichtigsten bakteriellen Kolitiden vor dem Hintergrund des Erregerspektrums und der differenzialdiagnostischen Aspekte geben.

Abstract

The question of whether there are inflammatory changes in colorectal biopsy specimens is frequently asked, especially when the patient reports diarrhea or when the mucosa is reddened on endoscopy. The pathologist first has to find out whether there is, in fact, an increase in the inflammatory infiltrate of the colorectal mucosa which warrants the diagnosis of inflammation. If so, the second challenge is to ascertain the etiology of these inflammatory changes, in particular to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious causes. In principle, we can distinguish forms of colitis with distinct morphological hallmarks confirming the diagnosis (e.g. microscopic detection of the causative organism, as well as lymphocytic or collagenous colitis) from other forms of colitis which have a characteristic pattern of findings not necessarily allowing to deduce the etiology (e.g. infectious colitis without microscopic evidence of the germ vs. inflammatory bowel disease). The present article discusses the pathomorphology and differential diagnosis of the most important forms of bacterial colitis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7

Literatur

  1. Borchard F (1999) Differential diagnosis of colitis. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 83:110–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bricker E, Garg R, Nelson R et al (2005) Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD004610

    Google Scholar 

  3. Burrig KF, Borchard F (1986) Biopsy findings in bacterial colitis. Pathologe 7:29–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Carpenter HA, Talley NJ (2000) The importance of clinicopathological correlation in the diagnosis of inflammatory conditions of the colon: histological patterns with clinical implications. Am J Gastroenterol 95:878–896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Noffsinger AE, Stemmermann GN et al (2008) The nonneoplastic colon. In: Fenoglio-Preiser CM et al (ed) Gastrointestinal pathology: An atlas and text. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia pp 735–898

  6. Gould PC, Khawaja FI, Rosenthal WS (1982) Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 77:491–493

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Griffin PM, Olmstead LC, Petras RE (1990) Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated colitis. A clinical and histological study of 11 cases. Gastroenterology 99:142–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Holzer T, Gervaz P, Spahr L et al (2009) Phlegmonous colitis: another source of sepsis in cirrhotic patients? BMC Gastroenterol 9:94

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hunt CM, Harvey JA, Youngs ER et al (1989) Clinical and pathological variability of infection by enterohaemorrhagic (Vero cytotoxin producing) Escherichia coli. J Clin Pathol 42:847–852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ina K, Kusugami K, Ohta M (2003) Bacterial hemorrhagic enterocolitis. J Gastroenterol 38:111–120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Jenkins D, Balsitis M, Gallivan S et al (1997) Guidelines for the initial biopsy diagnosis of suspected chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. The British Society of Gastroenterology Initiative. J Clin Pathol 50:93–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kacem C, Puisieux F, Kammoun A et al (2000) Abdominal actinomycosis. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 151:243–247

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kaya E, Yilmazlar T, Emiroglu Z et al (1995) Colonic actinomycosis: report of a case and review of the literature. Surg Today 25:923–926

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kelly JK, Pai CH, Jadusingh IH et al (1987) The histopathology of rectosigmoid biopsies from adults with bloody diarrhea due to verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. Am J Clin Pathol 88:78–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Knopf B, Bethke B, Stolte M (2003) Human intestinal spirochetosis. Pathologe 24:192–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Langner C, Dorlars D, Gross C et al (2001) Acute segmental hemorrhagic antibiotic-associated colitis. Pathologe 22:339–342

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Louzi A, Rifki SE, Benamar Y et al (2005) Colonic actinomycosis: report of a case and review of the literature. Ann Chir 130:101–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Niyogi SK (2005) Shigellosis. J Microbiol 43:133–143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Price AB, Davies DR (1977) Pseudomembranous colitis. J Clin Pathol 30:1–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Schneider T, Ulrichs T, Loddenkemper C et al (2004) Intestinal tuberculosis: a clinical and diagnostic challenge. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 129:1747–1752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sur D, Ramamurthy T, Deen J et al (2004) Shigellosis: challenges & management issues. Indian J Med Res 120:454–462

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Surawicz CM, Belic L (1984) Rectal biopsy helps to distinguish acute self-limited colitis from idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 86:104–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Die korrespondierende Autorin gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D.E. Aust.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Baretton, G., Aust, D. Bakterielle Kolitiden. Pathologe 32, 371–378 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-011-1492-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-011-1492-5

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation