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HPV-assoziiertes Karzinom des weiblichen Genitaltrakts

Molekulare Mechanismen der Entstehung

HPV-associated carcinomas of the female genital tract

Molecular mechanisms of development

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Zusammenfassung

Infektionen mit humanen Papillomaviren (HPV) sind bei Frauen und Männern ein häufiges Ereignis. Dagegen kommen HPV-assoziierte Neoplasien verhältnismäßig selten und auch nur an ganz bestimmten Körperstellen vor. Das Virus hat offensichtlich effiziente Mechanismen entwickelt, wie es persistieren kann, ohne dem Wirt allzu großen Schaden zuzufügen. Die Entstehung einer Neoplasie scheint eher die Ausnahme zu sein. Für die Regulierung der viralen Genexpression spielen epigenetische Mechanismen eine wichtige Rolle. Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass gerade der Übergang vom permissiven Infektionsstadium in ein transformierendes Stadium, in dem es durch die Expression der viralen Onkogene zu neoplastischen Veränderungen kommen kann, mit bestimmten Methylierungsmustern des viralen Genoms assoziiert ist, die die Expression der Onkogene E6 und E7 fördern. Das transformierende Stadium wird als das eigentliche karzinogene Ereignis angesehen und kann durch den Biomarker p16INK4a immunhistochemisch nachgewiesen werden.

Abstract

Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a common occurrence in both men and women. In contrast HPV-associated neoplasias are relatively rare and occur only in certain areas of the body. The virus has obviously developed efficient mechanisms for its persistence without inducing too much damage to the host. The formation of neoplasia seems to be more an exception. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of viral gene expression. Investigations have indicated that exactly the transition from the permissive infection stage to a transformation stage, where neoplastic alterations can occur due to expression of the viral oncogenes, is associated with certain methylation patterns of the viral genome which promote the expression of the oncogenes E6 and E7. The transforming stage is seen as the actual carcinogenic event and can be immunohistochemically detected by the biomarker p16INK4a.

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  1. Abteilung für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    M. Reuschenbach,  S. Vinokurova &  M. von Knebel Doeberitz

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  1. M. Reuschenbach
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  2. S. Vinokurova
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  3. M. von Knebel Doeberitz
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Correspondence to M. Reuschenbach.

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Reuschenbach, M., Vinokurova, S. & von Knebel Doeberitz, M. HPV-assoziiertes Karzinom des weiblichen Genitaltrakts. Pathologe 32, 451–460 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-011-1474-7

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