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Zytologie des Harntrakts

Eine zeitgemäße Untersuchungsmethode?

Cytology of the urinary tract

A modern investigation method?

  • Schwerpunkt: Zytopathologie
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Die Harnzytologie wird sowohl bei internistisch-nephrologischen Fragestellungen als auch in der urologischen Onkologie als diagnostische Methode eingesetzt. In der urologischen Onkologie weiß man seit Papanicolaou um die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der zytologischen Erkennung von Tumoren des harnableitenden Trakts. Die niedrige Sensitivität der Harnzytologie vor allem bei den häufigeren Urotheltumoren niedrigen Malignitätsgrades führte zur Entwicklung einer Reihe von Tumormarkern – doch bis heute ist der ideale Tumormarker zum Nachweis von Urothelkarzinomen nicht gefunden. Die Kombination von Zystoskopie und Zytologie ist noch immer jene Erkennungsmethode, die am häufigsten verwendet wird. Eine verbesserte Akzeptanz der Harnzytologie und ihre zeitgemäße Anwendung ergibt sich durch Anpassung an neue klinische Fragestellungen und Situationen. Die Nachsorge von Patienten mit transplantierten Organen stellt ein entsprechendes Beispiel dar.

Abstract

Urinary cytology is used in the detection of nephrologic and uro-oncologic diseases. The advantages and limitations of cytology for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer have been well known since Papanicolaou. The low sensitivity of urinary cytology, especially in the detection of more frequent urothelial tumors with low malignancy potential, led to the development of a number of new tumor markers. Nevertheless, the ideal tumor marker for bladder cancer has not yet been found. Cystoscopy combined with cytology is still the most widely accepted method for bladder cancer screening. The acceptance of this method can be improved by the use of case-specific preparation methods of a variety of materials. In addition to the follow-up of bladder cancer, urinary cytology is also used in the follow-up of renal transplant patients and therefore remains a worthwhile method leading to clinically relevant diagnoses.

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  1. Klinisches Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, AKH, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    H.G. Wiener

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Wiener, H. Zytologie des Harntrakts. Pathologe 28, 354–359 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-007-0927-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-007-0927-5

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