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Wirkungen von Medikamenten auf die Nebennierenrinde und ihre Tumoren

Effects of drugs on the adrenal cortex and its tumors

  • Schwerpunkt: Iatrogene Pathologie
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Zusammenfassung

Die normale Nebenniererinde wird durch stimulierende Hormone (ACTH) und inhibierende hormonale Medikamente (insbesondere Glukokortikoide) strukturell verändert: ACTH führt zur Hyperplasie und Lipidverarmung der Zonae fasciculata et reticularis, Glukokortikoide bedingen eine Atrophie und Lipidanreicherung beider Zonen. Das Adrenostatikum Mitotane führt im Tierexperiment zur Zellschrumpfung der Zonae fasciculata et reticularis, während Metyrapon eine Reduktion der Steroidhormon-bildenden Organellen und Aminoglutethimid eine Lipidanreicherung erzeugen. Das in der Therapie von Nebennierenrindenkarzinomen eingesetzte Mitotane führt in diesen Tumoren zu einer Zunahme der Nekrosen und Fibrosen, aber auch des intrazellulären Lipids sowie ultrastrukturell zu vermehrten Liposomen, pigmentreichen Lysosomen und Myelinkörpern.

Abstract

The structure of the normal adrenal cortex is changed by stimulating hormones (ACTH) and inhibiting hormonal drugs (especially glucocorticoids). ACTH induces hyperplasia and lipid depletion in the fascicular and reticular zones, whereas glucocorticoids lead to atrophy and lipid accumulation in both zones. In animal experiments, the adrenostatic drug mitotane causes shrinkage of the cells of the fascicular and reticular zones, whereas metyrapone induces a decrease in the steroid producing organelle system and aminoglutethimide leads to an increase in lipids. In the therapy of patients with adrenocortical cancer, mitotane can cause an increase in of necrosis and fibrosis, but also in intracellular lipid. The ultrastructure shows increased liposomes, more pigment-rich lysosomes and laminated bodies.

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Saeger, W., Fassnacht, M. Wirkungen von Medikamenten auf die Nebennierenrinde und ihre Tumoren. Pathologe 27, 61–64 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-005-0804-z

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