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Evaluation of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites filled with bio-fiber derived from Bambara nut shell filler

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Abstract

Composites are fabricating by reinforcing waste bambara nut shell powder (BNSP) as a bio-filler into an epoxy resin matrix. The composite is fabricated by varying the mass fractions of filler in the range of 5–35 wt%. The effects of bio-filler content on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties are evaluated. The studies reveal that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and impact strength increased with increasing bio-filler content. The highest mechanical properties of BNSP-loaded epoxy composites are achieved at bio-filler mass content of 15 wt%, whereas hardness increased for 5–35 wt% with peak value at 35 wt%. The water absorption and thickness swelling of the BNSF/epoxy composites increased with increasing bio-filler contents, while the density decreased with an increase in bio-filler content. The TGA results revealed that an increasing bio-filler content decreased thermal stability, whereas the Tg and Tm of the composites increased with increasing bio-filler content.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to our respective universities for creating the enabling environment for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    Anselm Ogah Ogah

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    Friday Nwankwo Archibong

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umudike, Nigeria

    Maureen Awele Allen & Melford Onyemaechi Chima

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    Peace Ugochinyerem Nlemedim

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria

    Jacob Ukeme Ime

  6. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    Christiana Ogonna Igberi

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  1. Anselm Ogah Ogah
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  2. Friday Nwankwo Archibong
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Contributions

AOO, JUI involved in conceptualization; FNA, COI involved in experimental design; MAA, PUN involved in carrying out measurements and manuscript composition; MOC involved in writing; FNA, AOO involved in editing and supervision. All the authors have read and agreed to the final published version of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Friday Nwankwo Archibong.

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Ogah, A.O., Archibong, F.N., Allen, M.A. et al. Evaluation of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites filled with bio-fiber derived from Bambara nut shell filler. Polym. Bull. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05227-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05227-8

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