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NIR-triggered letrozole delivery system based on tungsten disulfide nanosheet-coated thermo-responsive polymer: optimization by response surface methodology

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Abstract

A near-infrared light-triggered drug delivery system was designed and developed based on the tungsten disulfide nanosheet-coated temperature-sensitive polymer for photo-thermal therapy and letrozole delivery. The synthesized drug vesicle was characterized in terms of surface morphology, size, crystallinity, and thermal behavior using various techniques. Several main factors influencing drug adsorption efficiency were studied, including sample solution pH, contact time, and temperature. Response surface methodology and central composite design were employed to assist in the adsorption condition optimization with reliability. The nonlinear Langmuir isotherm model provided a better fit with the experimental results showing a maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 6.5 mg g−1. The nonlinear pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be appropriate for describing the adsorptive kinetics. Release behavior of letrozole as a chemotherapy drug was carried out at two pH levels and two different temperatures. The nanocarrier shows temperature and pH-dependent drug release curves with higher drug release at acidic media (99.37%; T = 45 °C) compared to natural conditions (28.02%; T = 45 °C). The nanocarrier released the drug faster under the near-infrared laser irradiation (80.50%) than without near-infrared laser irradiation (4%). The release of drug from nanocarrier in different environments obeyed the mechanism of non-Fickian diffusion and best fitted to the Korsmeyer–Peppas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch) for financial support of this project.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Fereshteh Hassani & Amir Heydarinasab

  2. Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Homayon Ahmad Panahi

  3. Department of Chemistry, Varamin (Pishva) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran

    Elham Moniri

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  1. Fereshteh Hassani
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  2. Amir Heydarinasab
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  3. Homayon Ahmad Panahi
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  4. Elham Moniri
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Contributions

FH involved in methodology, conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, validation, and writing—original draft. AH involved in supervision, project administration, formal analysis, validation, and writing—original draft. HAP involved in supervision, project administration, formal analysis, validation, and writing—original draft. EM involved in project administration, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, and investigation.

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Correspondence to Amir Heydarinasab or Homayon Ahmad Panahi.

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Hassani, F., Heydarinasab, A., Ahmad Panahi, H. et al. NIR-triggered letrozole delivery system based on tungsten disulfide nanosheet-coated thermo-responsive polymer: optimization by response surface methodology. Polym. Bull. 81, 9113–9137 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-024-05140-0

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