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Biochar from poultry litter as reinforcement used in epoxy-based composites: mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties

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Abstract

Biochar (BC) is a by-product rich in carbon, from the pyrolysis of biomass, and therefore, it has great appeal to be used in several applications. In the present work, the use of biochar from poultry litter waste (PLW) as a filler for composites with epoxy resin is evaluated regarding its performance in the thermal, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. The BC was produced from the pyrolysis of the PLW, and the composites were produced from concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 wt% of BC, in relation to the epoxy resin mass. The composites were characterized in terms of micrography (MEV), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties (tension and impact) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). From the dynamic mechanical point of view, there was a considerable increase in parameters such as storage modulus at both glassy (≈ 23%) and rubbery regions (≈ 43%) and loss modulus (≈ 32%). However, a decrease at the glass transition temperature, in loss modulus, (≈ 19 °C) was reported, comparing the neat epoxy with those composites with 10 wt% of BC. This behavior was mainly related to the poor dispersion of BC into the composites, especially those with 10 wt% of reinforcement.

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Notes

  1. ABPA. Associação Brasileira de Proteína Animal. Relatório Anual 2022. ABPA, 2022. Available in: abpa-br.org. Access at: October, 10th 2022.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge CNPq for the financial support and grants as well as that to the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS) for the all analysis presented in this study.

Funding

This work was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-490, Brazil

    Lídia Kunz Lazzari, Roberta Motta Neves, Heitor Luiz Ornaghi Jr. & Ademir José Zattera

  2. Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Eduardo Fischer Kerche

  3. TRL9 Tech – Experimental and Development research in physical and natural science, R. Mundo, 121 - Trobogy, Salvador, BA, 41301-110, Brazil

    Eduardo Fischer Kerche & Andrielen Braz Vanzetto

  4. Ford Motor Company, Av. Henry Ford 2000, Camaçari, BA, 42810-225, Brazil

    Lídia Kunz Lazzari & Andrielen Braz Vanzetto

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  1. Lídia Kunz Lazzari
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  2. Roberta Motta Neves
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Correspondence to Lídia Kunz Lazzari.

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Lazzari, L.K., Neves, R.M., Kerche, E.F. et al. Biochar from poultry litter as reinforcement used in epoxy-based composites: mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Polym. Bull. 81, 8823–8838 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-05128-2

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