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Augmentation of bioactivity with addition of clove essential oil into fish scale gelatin, agar and chitosan composite film and biodegradable features

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Abstract

The root cause of global pollution is the reflection of usage of non-degradable plastics. The solutions and methods to mitigate the plastic pollution are in high demand. The application of green technology in polymer science from the marine resource gives stability to the ecosystem. The bio-composite films were fabricated using gelatin of fish scale, agar of seaweed and chitosan of shrimp shell waste by a solvent casting technique. The plasticity and bioactivity enhanced using glycerol and clove essential oil. The physic-chemical and mechanical properties of the film were evaluated against the range of test of thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, puncture resistance, water vapor permeability, Attenuated Total Reflection—Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The characteristics of active packaging mechanism assessed based on antimicrobial and antioxidative properties. A level of 1.5% clove essential oil ration was given desirable properties of active packaging material. The biodegradability was calculated in terms of percentage weight loss under the soil burial and water immersion test. The biodegradation process of composite film took 21 days in soil and 158 in water. Hence, the bio-composite film prepared from green technology is a promising alternative to the conventional plastic to mitigate plastic pollution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere thanks to the Dean, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India, for permitting to carry out experiments in college laboratories. The authors express their sincere thanks to Director, ICAR- CIFT, Cochin, India, for support of analyzing optical parameters. The authors also thank the Principal, VOC College, Thoothukudi, India, for providing facilities of ATR-FTIR and AFM analysis. The authors also acknowledge the support from the Director, Bharat Ratna Prof.CNR Rao Research Centre, Coimbatore, India, for the analysis of XRD. The authors express their sincere thanks to the Prince of Songkla University and the National Research Council of Thailand for TGA analysis.

Funding

No specific grant was given to this research by funding organizations in the public, private, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Parthiban Fathiraja & Kavinesan Kumar

  2. Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sugumar Gopalrajan

  3. Dr. MGR Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India

    Parthiban Fathiraja, Sugumar Gopalrajan, Kavinesan Kumar & Mohan Chitradurga Obaiah

  4. Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Mohan Chitradurga Obaiah

Authors
  1. Parthiban Fathiraja
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  2. Sugumar Gopalrajan
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  3. Kavinesan Kumar
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  4. Mohan Chitradurga Obaiah
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Correspondence to Parthiban Fathiraja.

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Fathiraja, P., Gopalrajan, S., Kumar, K. et al. Augmentation of bioactivity with addition of clove essential oil into fish scale gelatin, agar and chitosan composite film and biodegradable features. Polym. Bull. 81, 5329–5357 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04961-9

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