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Synthesis and physicochemical study of bisphenol-C epoxy cinnamate resin and its glass/jute and jute-natural fiber-reinforced composites

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Abstract

Bisphenol-C epoxy cinnamate (ECC) resin was synthesized by reacting 8.09 g epoxy resin of bisphenol-C, and 3.70 g cinnamic acid using 25 ml 1,4-dioxane as a solvent, and 1 ml triethylamine as a catalyst at reflux temperature for 1–6 h. Solid epoxy cinnamate is found to have excellent solubility in common organic solvents, 10.4–4.1 mg KOHg−1 acid values, and 303.0–426.0 mg KOH g−1 hydroxyl values. FTIR and 1HNMR spectral data supported the structure of ECC. Thermal polymerization of ECC followed by decomposition is supported by DSC exothermic (142.9°°C) and broad endothermic (300°°C) transitions. ECC followed three steps of degradation kinetics. The first step followed first-order (1.13) degradation kinetics, while the second (2.40) and the third (0.58) steps followed fractional-order degradation kinetics. The energy of activation for the second and third steps is more than 3 times that of the first step. The entropy change (ΔS*) for the first (− 176.3JK−1 mol−1) and third (− 84 JK−1 mol−1) steps are found large and negative, while it is positive for the second step (9.4 JK−1 mol−1). Jute-, Glass- and Jute-biomass-ECCS composites showed moderate to fairly good tensile strength, flexural strength, electric strength, and fairly good volume resistivity. J-ECCS and G-ECCS composites showed high water absorption tendency and excellent hydrolytic stability against water, 10% aq. HCl and 10% aq. NaCl and even in boiling water. The composites may be useful during natural calamities and under diverse environmental conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the director, ERDA Vadodara for the electrical testing.

Funding

This work was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in terms of major research project funding (01(2440)/10/EMR-II, Dt. 28–12-10).

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  1. Polymer Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 60005, India

    Parsotam H. Parsania, Jignesh V. Patel & Jignesh P. Patel

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Parsania, P.H., Patel, J.V. & Patel, J.P. Synthesis and physicochemical study of bisphenol-C epoxy cinnamate resin and its glass/jute and jute-natural fiber-reinforced composites. Polym. Bull. 81, 3191–3207 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04831-4

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