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Effect of coconut fibers chemically modified with alkoxysilanes on the crystallization, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites

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Abstract

Currently, the use of composites, based on natural fibers and polymeric matrix, in diverse industrial sectors is gaining interest. The interaction between fibers and polymeric matrix is essential to have a composite with the desired thermal and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, most of the natural fibers do not have a good interaction with polymers and they need to be modified to enhance such interaction. Therefore, in this work, the chemical modification of coconut fibers, using different silanes agents like glycydoxipropyl trimetoxi slane (GLYMO), vinyl trimetoxi silane (VTMS), and tetraetoxi silane (TEOS) was carried out to promote the interfacial interaction with the polymeric matrix of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). The FTIR spectra confirmed the silanization of the fibers by detecting the bands related to Si–O–Si, at 1133 y 1106 cm−1, and Si–O–Cellulose bonds, at 1165 y 955 cm−1, as the product of the silanols reactions. The thermal stability was determined by thermal thermogravimetric analysis, which shows that the chemical modification of fibers increased their thermal stability regarding the fibers non-modified. On the other hand, the DSC showed that interfacial interactions between the fiber and PLA chains increased when the fiber was previously silanized because the silanes promoted the crystallinity of PLA from 48.95 to 60.08% with GLYMO, to 63.94 with VTMS and to 63.35 with TEOS. Regarding the crystallization study, the composites with VTMS presented higher activation energy at the beginning, but as the relative crystallinity increased, the polymer chains’ arrangement was facilitated, considerably increasing the elastic modulus of PLA by 325%. The increase in crystallinity due to the incorporation of the silanized fibers shifted the maximum Tan δ value toward lower temperatures, increasing the application window of the polymer.

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Acknowledgements

J.A. Gonzalez-Calderon) expresses his gratitude to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología for the support of the Cátedras-CONACYT program. Also, the authors acknowledge Rodrigo Camarena Rangel and Rolando Villa Moreno for his invaluable support during the materials characterization.

Funding

The authors are grateful to Conacyt México for the financial support No. 265239 from the announcement “Fronteras de la Ciencia” through Project “Uso de dióxido de titanio funcionalizado con alcóxidos de silicio e imidazoles.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona No. 550 Col. Lomas 2da. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

    M. del Angel-Monroy & M. G. Peña-Juarez

  2. Especialidad en Plásticos y Materiales Avanzados, CIATEQ A.C., Eje 126 # 225, Zona Industrial del Potosí, 78395, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

    M. del Angel-Monroy & L. E. Lugo-Uribe

  3. Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Paseo a la Presa San José # 2055, Lomas 4ª. Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

    V. Escobar-Barrios

  4. Tecnológico Nacional de México/CRODE Celaya, Diego Arenas Guzmán 901, Fracc. Zona de Oro 1, 38020, Guanajuato, México

    J. Navarrete-Damian

  5. Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón #64, 78000, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

    E. Perez

  6. Cátedras CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón #64, 78000, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México

    J. A. Gonzalez-Calderon

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  1. M. del Angel-Monroy
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del Angel-Monroy, M., Escobar-Barrios, V., Peña-Juarez, M.G. et al. Effect of coconut fibers chemically modified with alkoxysilanes on the crystallization, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites. Polym. Bull. 81, 843–870 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04740-6

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