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Novel coating films containing micronutrients for controlled-release urea fertilizer: release mechanisms and kinetics study

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Abstract

Alkyd coatings incorporated with different types of micronutrients were successfully prepared and coated on granular urea. Three sets of micronutrients, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and borax, ZnO and borax, and ZnAl-layered double hydroxide, were studied. The water solubility of micronutrients plays an important role to produce different pore sizes and control the release rate of macro- and micronutrients. The coated urea granules were characterized by using FE-SEM technique, and micronutrient distribution on coating films was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Zn, B, and nitrogen releases were evaluated in DI water according to the ISO 21263. The nutrient release kinetics was determined by comparing the data with zero-order, first-order, Higuchi (HG), Hixson–Crowell (HC), and Korsmeyer–Peppas (KP) kinetic models. The diffusion release of Zn micronutrient showed the best fit with KP model, and the diffusion release of boron (B) micronutrient was consistent with HG model. The release characteristics of the nitrogen from urea core through coating films could be best described by the KP model. These coating films are the enhancement of controlled-release fertilizers to reduce the environmental implications imposed by excessive use of fertilizers for a long-term period.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the full financial support from the Agricultural Research Development Agency (ARDA) (CRP6105020560) and are sincerely thankful to Prof. Dr. Supapan Seraphin, Dr. Doungporn Crespy, and Dr. Kanittha Boonpavanitchakul for their fruitful discussions.

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  1. National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand

    Patharawadee Boonying, Sirinya Sottiudom, Pohnpawee Nontasorn, Kritapas Laohhasurayotin & Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon

  2. AFRS(T), The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand

    Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon

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Boonying, P., Sottiudom, S., Nontasorn, P. et al. Novel coating films containing micronutrients for controlled-release urea fertilizer: release mechanisms and kinetics study. Polym. Bull. 80, 9627–9649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04529-z

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