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Thermal stability and optimization of graphene oxide incorporated chitosan and sodium alginate based nanocomposite containing inclusion complexes of paracetamol and β-cyclodextrin for prolonged drug delivery systems

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Abstract

Controlled release drug delivery systems have traditionally been regarded as useful devices in the treatment of a variety of disorders. The objective of the present study is the optimization and thermal behavior of graphene oxide (GO) incorporated chitosan (CH) and sodium alginate (ALG)-based nanocomposite. Various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, amount of solvent, ratio of backbones, amount of GO and pH were optimized to obtain maximum percentage swelling. Thermal stability of nanocomposite was analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Advanced characteristics of GO have been exploited, including a two-dimensional plan surface with several functional groups, improved biocompatibility, low cost, water solubility, and a huge specific surface area available for high drug loading, among others. Because of these characteristics, graphene oxide is an excellent material for loading and releasing a wide range of drugs. Paracetamol (PCM) is widely used as an antipyretic and analgesic. It is sparingly soluble in water. Inclusion complexes were prepared to improve the solubility of drug by host guest interactions. Phase solubility study implies the 1:1 complexation between PCM and β-CD. Inclusion complexes prepared by physical, kneading, co-precipitation and microwave method were characterized by 1H NMR, ROESY, FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The inclusion complexes were directly loaded into the nanocomposite and the release study of drug was investigated in gastric (pH 2) and intestinal fluids (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Four kinetic models were applied to investigate the possible mechanism of drug release. From kinetic models, it was concluded that Peppas-Sahlin and Korsmeyer-Peppas equation followed drug release mechanism. Complexation with β-CD leads to slower the drug release rate from the ICs loaded nanocomposite.

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Abbreviations

ALG :

Sodium Alginate

β-CD :

β-Cyclodextrin

CH :

Chitosan

CP :

Co-precipitation Method

GO :

Graphene oxide

ICs :

Inclusion Complexes

KM :

Kneading Method

MW :

Microwave Method

PM :

Physical Method

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, Khushbu, would like to acknowledge Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) (Grant No. 18511103 (Reg. No)), Delhi for providing financial assistance in form of fellowship to carry out research. The author is also thankful to SAIF PU Chandigarh, CIF LPU Phagwara, MRC Jaipur for different characterization of samples and DST-FIST for providing financial assistance for providing FT-IR and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer used in the characterization of samples.

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  1. Polymer and Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Chemistry, Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India

    Khushbu & Rajeev Jindal

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Khushbu, Jindal, R. Thermal stability and optimization of graphene oxide incorporated chitosan and sodium alginate based nanocomposite containing inclusion complexes of paracetamol and β-cyclodextrin for prolonged drug delivery systems. Polym. Bull. 80, 1751–1772 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04157-7

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