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The investigation of chlorpyrifos (Cpy) detection of PEDOT:PSS-MXene(Ti2CTX)-BSA-GO composite using P-ISFET reduction method

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Abstract

MXenes are two-dimensional materials that are attractive for applications as sensors because they possess high conductivity, super hydrophilicity and high surface area. There already exist substantial researches on the use of Ti3C2Tx based MXenes as electrochemical biosensors, but in contrast Ti2CTX based MXenes are rarely discussed due to their inherent resistance instability. However, the use of Ti2CTX based MXenes is still worth exploring as theoretical studies have shown that Ti2CTX possesses a significantly lower bandgap compared to many other MXenes structures. Herein, this study examines the use of Ti2CTX MXene structures in a P-channel ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (P-ISFET) for the detection of Chlorpyrifos (Cpy). Compositing the PEDOT:PSS thin film with delaminated Ti2CTX MXenes flakes with graphene oxide (GO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) allows it to maintain its sheet resistance at around 100 kOhm for 3 days. Interestingly when using the composite thin film, the minimum threshold voltage required to observe Cpy electroreduction is −0.1 V. This is much lower than that when using titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is −1.5 V. Composite thin films containing Ti2CTX MXene are found to detect Cpy with higher sensitivity compared to thin films without MXene. This is because the presence of Mxene in the PEDOT:PSS composite thin films improves the surface area available for Cpy detection. This study highlights the potential of Ti2CTx MXene-BSA composite as a promising 2D material for enzyme-free CPY detection.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by UTHM-UTM CRG grant K035 and Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST), R&D Grant No. A154 & P28C1-17, and Postgraduate Research Grant No GPPS-H002. This project is also funded by Ministry of Education (Malaysia) under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), with a reference number of FRGS/1/2018/STG05/UTHM/02/3 or FRGS Vot No. K106. The authors also acknowledge the support from Faezahana Mohkter and Ahmad Nasrul Mohamed for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

    M. M. I. Megat Hasnan

  2. Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

    G. P. Lim & M. K. Ahmad

  3. Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

    N. Nayan

  4. Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab., Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

    C. F. Soon

  5. Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, W. Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    A. A. Abd Halim

  6. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, W. Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    S. M. Said

  7. School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Baru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

    M. S. Mohamed Ali

  8. Physics Division, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    I. M. Noor

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  1. M. M. I. Megat Hasnan
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Hasnan, M.M.I.M., Lim, G.P., Nayan, N. et al. The investigation of chlorpyrifos (Cpy) detection of PEDOT:PSS-MXene(Ti2CTX)-BSA-GO composite using P-ISFET reduction method. Polym. Bull. 80, 1243–1264 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04105-5

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