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Ligand-based poly(phenylenediamine) adsorbents for enhanced removal of phosphate from water

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Abstract

Phosphorus removal from effluents is vital to avoid eutrophication. The subject study presents the development and performance of poly(phenylenediamine) isometric adsorbents produced through oxidation using (NH4)2S2O8 and K2Cr2O7 oxidants. K2Cr2O7 synthesized polymers showed better adsorption capacities. The presence of Cr Lewis acid on the surface endorsed phosphate interaction through inner-sphere complex mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities for K2Cr2O7 synthesized polymers were 143, 217 and 69.0 mg/L for poly(o-phenylenediamine), poly(m-phenylenediamine) and poly(p-phenylenediamine) adsorbents, respectively. The superior performance of poly(m-phenylenediamine) was associated with minimal symmetrical arrangement, hence it was more amorphous as indicated by XRD patterns. Kinetic model fitted pseudo-second-order and isotherm favoured Langmuir. Adsorption process was also controlled by pore diffusion and external mass transfer in the sorbent. Poly(m-phenylenediamine) displayed high affinity in the presence of competing anions and was amenable to recycling.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (Project grant: 88568), National Research Foundation (NRF) PDP and Erasmus Mundus (Aesop project) Grant ES15DM0040. The authors acknowledge the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Latvia for contributions to this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials (CeNAM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    Lindani Mdlalose, Mohammed Balogun, Katlego Setshedi & Avashnee Chetty

  2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd 19, Riga, 1586, Latvia

    Maris Klavins

  3. Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand WITS, P/Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa

    Luke Chimuka

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  1. Lindani Mdlalose
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  2. Mohammed Balogun
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  3. Katlego Setshedi
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  4. Maris Klavins
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  5. Luke Chimuka
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  6. Avashnee Chetty
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Correspondence to Lindani Mdlalose.

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Mdlalose, L., Balogun, M., Setshedi, K. et al. Ligand-based poly(phenylenediamine) adsorbents for enhanced removal of phosphate from water. Polym. Bull. 79, 8743–8763 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03922-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03922-4

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