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Rheological and simulation for macromolecular matrix epoxy bi-functional aromatic amines

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Abstract

The rheological behaviors of four aromatic amine-based epoxy monomers for were evaluated and compared. The four epoxy monomers are useful for making cross-linked epoxy resin, the monomers are triglycidyl-2 aminophenol (TGAP), triglycidyl-2-aminothiophenol (TGATP), tetra-functional tetraglycidyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (TGPDA), and tetraglycidyl-4-methyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (TGMPDA). The monomers were cured with 4, 4’-methylene dianiline (MDA). The rheological behaviors of the cured products were also evaluated. The cured epoxy monomers were characterized by FT-IR and the curing process was monitored using a Haake Mars rheometer equipped with a cone-plate geometry. During the curing process, the change in the viscosity was monitored as a function of time at various temperatures. The temperatures ranged from 120 °C to 150 °C. The curing process was temperature dependent; at 150 and 120 °C, a sharp rise in the viscosity was observed. The viscosity of TGPDA-MDA and TGMPDA-MDA (tetra-functional) showed a higher increase in the viscosity compared to other matrices an indication of faster formation of the 3D network. The storage moduli G’ and the loss moduli and G” conditions of the macromolecular matrix structures of TGMPDA-MDA was higher than that of the macromolecular matrix structures of TGAP-MDA, TGATP-MDA and TGPDA-MDA. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the influence of electronic and molecular structure of the investigated compounds before and after cross-linking with MDA unit(s) of the examined epoxy resins.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledges King Abdulaziz University's High Performance Computing Centre (Aziz Supercomputer) (http://hpc.kau.edu.sa) for assisting with the calculations presented in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Industrial Technologies and Services (LITS), Department of Process Engineering, Height School of Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, P.O. Box 2427, 30000, Fez, Morocco

    O. Dagdag & M. El Gouri

  2. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco

    R. Hsissou

  3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P.O Box 1277, Gaza, Palestine

    Zaki Safi

  4. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712749, South Korea

    Rajesh Haldhar

  5. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Karshi State University, Karshi, Uzbekistan, 180100

    Elyor Berdimurodov

  6. Higher School of Textile and Clothing Industries, Laboratory REMTEX, BP 7731, Oulfa, Casablanca, Morocco

    M. El Bouchti

  7. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 42805, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Nuha Wazzan

  8. Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P. O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine

    O. Hamed & S. Jodeh

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  1. O. Dagdag
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Correspondence to O. Dagdag or S. Jodeh.

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Dagdag, O., Hsissou, R., Safi, Z. et al. Rheological and simulation for macromolecular matrix epoxy bi-functional aromatic amines. Polym. Bull. 79, 7571–7587 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03862-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03862-z

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