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Starch-derived superabsorbent polymers in agriculture applications: an overview

Polymer Bulletin (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

At present, the growing environmental concerns have strengthened the use of biodegradable and natural polymers in the synthesis of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) particularly in agriculture applications as natural polymers are much more efficient and environmentally friendly than synthetic ones. Starch is the most abundant carbohydrate polymer, biodegradable, and a renewable raw resource, with good chemical stability and high reactivity. Thus, starch-based SAP has gained huge interest in the agriculture field in the past few years. This review presents the significance of SAP in agriculture, starch-derived SAP, crosslinking and graft copolymerization techniques used in the synthesis of starch-based SAP as well as control release formulations and control release study of agrochemicals. The review significantly elaborates the synthesis techniques and various chemistries used for the preparation of SAP as well as the structure–property relationships like the effect of grafting or doping on the swelling kinetics and water absorbency. Furthermore, the various mainstream characterization techniques also reviewed which are generally used for the analysis of SAP.

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Abbreviations

2,4 D:

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2-HEA:

2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate

APS:

Ammonium persulphate

AUL:

Absorption under load

CaCl2 :

Calcium chloride

CAN:

Ceric ammonium nitrate

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

CMS/XG:

Carboxymethyl starch/xanthan gum

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystals

CRF:

Control release fertilizer

DMDAAC:

Diallyl dimethylammonium chloride

EPTC:

Ethyldipropylthio carbamate

EVA-150:

Ethylene vinyl acetate

LOS:

Logarithm of slope

MBA:

Methylene bisacrylamide

MMT:

Montmorillonite

NCNPs:

Natural char nanoparticles

PGS:

Pregelatinized starch

PHR:

Phosphorus rock

PPS:

Potassium persulphate

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

SA:

Starch acetate

SAP:

Superabsorbent polymer

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

semi-IPN:

Semi-interpenetrating polymer network

SRF:

Slow release fertilizer

SSS:

Sodium starch sulphate

Tg:

Glass transition temperature

Tm:

Melting temperature

UV:

Ultra-violet

wt%:

Weight

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  1. Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India

    Karishma Supare & Prakash A. Mahanwar

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Supare, K., Mahanwar, P.A. Starch-derived superabsorbent polymers in agriculture applications: an overview. Polym. Bull. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03842-3

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Keywords

  • Starch
  • Superabsorbent polymer
  • Agriculture
  • Synthesis
  • Crosslinking