Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Doxorubicin-loaded biodegradable chitosan–graphene nanosheets for drug delivery applications

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanocomposites and nanomaterials have frequently useful advantages for drug delivery applications because of their excellent potential in cancer therapy. This study development of nanocomposites from graphene/N-phthaloylchitosan –graft- poly(methylmethacrylate-block-(poly ethylenglycol methacrylate -random-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), CS-g-P(MMA-b-(PEGMA-ran-DMAEMA), via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The structure of the copolymer and nanocomposite were investigated by FT-IR and 1HNMR. The nanocomposites properties of GO/ CS-g-P(MMA-b-(PEGMA-ran-DMAEMA) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopies, and thermogravimetry measurements. We developed a biodegradable GO nanocomposites to overcome limitations of doxorubicin (DOX)-loading. The drug loading efficiency of GO/nanocomposites for DOX was high, and 81% efficiency was obtained. Release behavior of DOX from the nanocomposites showed that the rate of DOX release is controlled by pH values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Cui H (2020) Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5(1):1–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kanarek N, Petrova B, Sabatini DM (2020) Dietary modifications for enhanced cancer therapy. Nature 579(7800):507–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Narayanan S, Cai CY, Assaraf YG, Guo HQ, Cui Q, Wei L, Chen ZS (2020) Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resistance Updates 48:100663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Xie L, Shen M, Hong Y, Ye H, Huang L, Xie J (2020) Chemical modifications of polysaccharides and their anti-tumor activities. Carbohydr polym 229:115436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Shurbaji S, Anlar GG, Hussein AE, Elzatahry A, Yalcin CH (2020) Effect of flow-induced shear stress in nanomaterial uptake by cells: focus on targeted anti-cancer therapy. Cancers 12(7):1916

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Davaran S, Ghamkhari A, Alizadeh E, Massoumi B, Jaymand M (2017) Novel dual stimuli-responsive ABC triblock copolymer: RAFT synthesis, “schizophrenic” micellization, and its performance as an anticancer drug delivery nanosystem. J Colloid Interface Sci 488:282–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ghamkhari A, Sarvari R, Ghorbani M, Hamishehkar H (2018) Novel thermoresponsive star-liked nanomicelles for targeting of anticancer agent. Eur Polymer J 107:143–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Teixeira MI, Lopes CM, Amaral MH, Costa PC (2020) Current insights on lipid nanocarrier-assisted drug delivery in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 149:192–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Barkat MA, Das SS, Pottoo FH, Beg S, Rahman Z (2020) Lipid-based nanosystem as intelligent carriers for versatile drug delivery applications. Curr Pharm Des 26(11):1167–1180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hasnain MS, Ahmad SA, Hoda MN, Rishishwar S, Rishishwar P, Nayak AK (2019) Stimuli-responsive carbon nanotubes for targeted drug delivery. In: Makhlouf ASH, Abu-Thabit NY (eds) Stimuli responsive polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery applications, vol 2. Woodhead Publishing, Elsevier Ltd, pp 321–344

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Manivasagan P, Jun SW, Truong NTP, Hoang G, Mondal S, Moorthy MS, Oh J (2019) A multifunctional near-infrared laser-triggered drug delivery system using folic acid conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide encapsulated gold nanorods for targeted chemo-photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 7(24):3811–3825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ghamkhari A, Mahmoodzadeh F, Ghorbani M, Hamishehkar H (2019) A novel gold nanorods coated by stimuli-responsive ABC triblock copolymer for chemotherapy of solid tumors. Eur Polymer J 115:313–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Li Z, Zhang Y, Feng N (2019) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: synthesis, classification, drug loading, pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility, and application in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 16(3):219–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Massoumi B, Taghavi N, Ghamkhari A (2021) Synthesis of a new biodegradable system based on β-cyclodextrin/iron oxide nanocomposite: application for delivery of docetaxel. Polym Bull 78(6):3055–3070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mohammadi L, Rahdar A, Khaksefidi R, Ghamkhari A, Fytianos G, Kyzas GZ (2020) Polystyrene magnetic nanocomposites as antibiotic adsorbents. Polymers 12(6):1313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang J, Jin X, Li C, Wang W, Wu H, Guo S (2019) Graphene and graphene derivatives toughening polymers: toward high toughness and strength. Chem Eng J 370:831–854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Heidari M, Bahrami SH, Ranjbar-Mohammadi M, Milan PB (2019) Smart electrospun nanofibers containing PCL/gelatin/graphene oxide for application in nerve tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C 103:109768

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Taniselass S, Arshad MM, Gopinath SC (2019) Graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring noncommunicable disease biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 130:276–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chung S, Revia RA, Zhang M (2021) Graphene quantum dots and their applications in bioimaging, biosensing, and therapy. Adv Mater. 33(22):1904362. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gooneh-Farahani S, Naimi-Jamal MR, Naghib SM (2019) Stimuli-responsive graphene-incorporated multifunctional chitosan for drug delivery applications: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 16(1):79–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wu Y, Wang Y, Tian S, Jing Y, Zhuang J, Guo L, Zhou Y (2019) Hydrothermal fabrication of rGO/apatite layers on AZ31 magnesium alloy for enhanced bonding strength and corrosion resistance. Appl Surf Sci 470:430–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dhayal V, Hashmi SZ, Kumar U, Choudhary BL, Kuznetsov AE, Dalela S, Kumar S, Kaya S, Dolia SN, Alvi PA (2020) Spectroscopic studies, molecualr structure optimization and investigation of structural and electrical properties of novel and biodegradable Chitosan-GO polymer nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 55(30):14829–14847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Othman NH, Ismail MC, Mustapha M, Sallih N, Kee KE, Jaal RA (2019) Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites as barrier coatings for corrosion protection. Prog Org Coat 135:82–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jung CH, Kim KH, Hong SH (2019) An in situ formed graphene oxide–polyacrylic acid composite cage on silicon microparticles for lithium ion batteries via an esterification reaction. J Mater Chem A 7(20):12763–12772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rahdar A, Hajinezhad MR, Hamishekar H, Ghamkhari A, Kyzas GZ (2020) Copolymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites as potential anticancer agents. Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03354-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ghamkhari A, Abbasi F, Abbasi E, Ghorbani M (2020) A novel thermo-responsive system based on β-cyclodextrin-nanocomposite for improving the docetaxel activity. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater. https://doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2020.1765357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Alinejad A, Raissi H, Hashemzadeh H (2020) Understanding co-loading of doxorubicin and camptothecin on graphene and folic acid-conjugated graphene for targeting drug delivery: classical MD simulation and DFT calculation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 38(9):2737–2745

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mauro N, Scialabba C, Agnello S, Cavallaro G, Giammona G (2020) Folic acid-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets via plasma etching as a platform to combine NIR anticancer phototherapy and targeted drug delivery. Mater Sci and Eng C 107:110201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Qi Z, Shi J, Zhu B, Li J, Cao S (2020) Gold nanorods/graphene oxide nanosheets immobilized by polydopamine for efficient remotely triggered drug delivery. J Mater Sci 55(29):14530–14543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tseng IH, Liu ZC, Chang PY (2020) Bio-friendly titania-grafted chitosan film with biomimetic surface structure for photocatalytic application. Carbohydr Polym 230:115584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ahmed MJ, Hameed BH, Hummadi EH (2020) Review on recent progress in chitosan/chitin-carbonaceous material composites for the adsorption of water pollutants. Carbohydr Polym 247:116690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116690

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Cai Y, Lapitsky Y (2020) Biomolecular uptake effects on chitosan/tripolyphosphate micro- and nanoparticle stability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 193:111081

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. da Silva TN, Reynaud F, de Souza Picciani PH, e Silva KGDH, Barradas TN, (2020) Chitosan-based films containing nanoemulsions of methyl salicylate: formulation development, physical-chemical and in vitro drug release characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 164:2558–2568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rani TS, Nadendla SR, Bardhan K, Madhuprakash J, Podile AR (2020) Chitosan conjugates, microspheres, and nanoparticles with potential agrochemical activity. In: Prasad MNV (ed) Agrochemicals detection, treatment and remediation, Elsevier, pp 437–464

  35. Lv C, Du Y, Pan X (2020) Alkylboranes in conventional and controlled radical polymerization. J Polym Sci 58(1):14–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hu Q, Gan S, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Han D, Niu L (2020) Controlled/“living” radical polymerization-based signal amplification strategies for biosensing. J Mater Chem B 8(16):3327–3340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cuatepotzo-Díaz R, López-Méndez BL, López-Domínguez P, Albores-Velasco ME, Penlidis A, Vivaldo-Lima E (2020) The role of nitroxide degradation on the efficiency of the controller in Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization (NMP) of styrene. Ind Eng Chem Res 59(40):17786–17795. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Xu J, Cui Z, Ge X, Luo Y, Xu F (2020) Polymers prepared through an “ATRP polymerization–esterification” strategy for dual temperature-and reduction-induced paclitaxel delivery. RSC Adv 10(48):28891–28901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ghamkhari A, Rahdar A, Rahdar S, Susan MABH (2019) Dual responsive superparamagnetic nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and adsorption of nitrate from aqueous solution. Nano-Structures Nano-Objects 19:100371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ghamkhari A, Mahmoodzadeh F (2019) Gold nanorods protected with thiol-end capped diblock copolymer (PHEMA-b-PVEAQ-SH): synthesis and applications in drug delivery. J Bioeng Res 1(2):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yang H, Cai Z, Liu H, Cao Z, Xia Y, Ma W, Liu C (2020) Tailoring the surface of attapulgite by combining redox-initiated RAFT polymerization with alkynyl-thiol click reaction for polycarbonate nanocomposites: effect of polymer brush chain length on mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. Mater Chem Phys 241:122334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Liang Y, Ma H, Zhang W, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Pang X (2020) Size effect of semiconductor quantum dots as photocatalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 11(31):4961–4967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ma Y, Gao J, Zheng C, Zhang H (2019) Well-defined biological sample-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres by combining RAFT polymerization and thiol–epoxy coupling chemistry. J Mater Chem B 7(15):2474–2483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ghamkhari A, Agbolaghi S, Poorgholy N, Massoumi B (2018) pH-responsive magnetic nanocomposites based on poly (2-succinyloxyethyl methacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate) for anticancer doxorubicin delivery applications. J Polym Res 25(2):37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Ghamkhari A, Massoumi B, Salehi R (2017) A new style for synthesis of thermo-responsive Fe3O4/poly (methylmethacrylate-b-N-isopropylacrylamide-b-acrylic acid) magnetic composite nanosphere and theranostic applications. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 28(17):1985–2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Abbasian M, Roudi MM, Mahmoodzadeh F, Eskandani M, Jaymand M (2018) Chitosan-grafted-poly (methacrylic acid)/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a pH-responsive de novo cancer chemotherapy nanosystem. Int J Biol Macromol 118:1871–1879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Seyed Mohammadjafar Mousavi, Mirzaagha Babazadeh & Moosa Es’haghi

  2. Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mahboob Nemati

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mahboob Nemati

Authors
  1. Seyed Mohammadjafar Mousavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mirzaagha Babazadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahboob Nemati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Moosa Es’haghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mirzaagha Babazadeh.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mousavi, S.M., Babazadeh, M., Nemati, M. et al. Doxorubicin-loaded biodegradable chitosan–graphene nanosheets for drug delivery applications. Polym. Bull. 79, 6565–6580 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03783-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03783-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation