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Recent achievements in sodium alginate-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery

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Abstract

Polymeric biomaterials can be used within physiological conditions causing low local or systemic effects. Among the biopolymers, alginate (ALG) is widely used for hemostatic properties and biocompatibility as well as its vast possibilities of chemical modifications for novel properties and nanomedicine generations in medical fields. ALG can create hydrogen bonds through its numerous active hydroxyl and carboxyl groups to form a muco-adhesive polymer, gelation, and transdermal permeation enhancement. ALG nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as drug carriers as they show suitable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and loading capacity. ALG NPs also show low toxicity and can be readily modified by simple reactions through the numerous hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. ALG NPs are commonly used as drug delivery systems because they can form hydrogels for loading natural and chemical agents such as proteins, oligosaccharide, and anticancer drugs. In additions, ALG can be applied via various routes of administration as nasal, intravenous, oral, and ocular. On the other hand, the physicochemical properties of ALG such as mechanical strength, gelation, and cell affinity can be manipulated by combining ALG with the other polymers, chemical, or physical crosslinking and surface alterations using specific targeting moieties. It was reported that targeted delivery can be achieved by modifying NPs using small molecules such as peptides, antibodies, and aptamer. These strategies of targeting NPs not only cause the lower dosage of required drugs, but also lead them binding to their specific receptors. The present review aims to show some features of sodium ALG (NaALG) NPs which are rapidly developing field of nanotechnology and their potential applications in targeted drug delivery. This review presents broad view of NaALG applications, discussing some routine types such as peptide, magnetic, and pH-sensitive conjugated NaALG.

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Abbreviations

ALG:

Alginates

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CS:

Chitosan

CPFX:

Ciprofloxacin

CUR:

Curcumin

DTX:

Docetaxel

DOX:

Doxorubicin

5-FU:

Fluorouracil

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GSH:

Glutathione

GO:

Graphene oxide

G:

Guluronic acid

HAP:

Hydroxyapatite

KET:

Ketoprofen

KGM:

Konjac glucomannan

Cys:

l-cysteine

LP:

Laponite®

M:

Mannuronic acid

MPA:

Mercaptopropionic acid

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NMAAm:

N-methylolacrylamide

PCX:

Paclitaxel

PRM:

Protamine sulfate

R6G:

Rhodamine 6G

RBF:

Riboflavin

NaALG:

Sodium alginate

TKPR:

Tuftsin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

VitB12 :

Vitamin B12

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Elham Rostami

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Rostami, E. Recent achievements in sodium alginate-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Polym. Bull. 79, 6885–6904 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03781-z

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