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Design, synthesis, and performance evaluation of poly(long-chain α-olefin-co-acrylates) as multifunctional additives for lubricating base oils

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Abstract

Lubricating additives play a pivotal role in automobiles and industrial machines. The present work describes the design and synthesis of three copolymeric lubricating additives using alkyl acrylates (Ac) and simulated feed containing 33% long-chain α-olefins (LCAO) in n-paraffins. The alkyl acrylates (C6, C10, and C16Ac) and α-olefins are taken in a 1:1 molar ratio, and the three different polymers P1, P2, and P3 are synthesized in a solvent-free medium by the free radical polymerization using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The polymeric additives (P1, P2, and P3) are blended with base oils, and their performances, such as density, pour point, viscosity index (VI), and corrosion properties were studied. The synthesized polymeric additives are miscible with base oils excellently, and they do not change the density of base oil and depress the pour point of the base oils. All the polymeric additives are successful in depressing the pour points of base oils. The pour point of BO-1 is −21, and the use of P1 depresses the pour point to ≤ 27 at 4000 ppm. However, P3 exhibits the best performance even at low concentration (2000 ppm) by depressing the pour point value to ca. 12 °C and 15 °C in case of BO-2, BO-3, respectively. In terms of viscosity index, P1 shows the better results at 6000 ppm concentration by increasing the VI by 13.9% compared to P2 and P3, which is a maximum increase in VI among different base oils used for study. Increasing the concentration of polymeric additives in base oils reduces the corrosion as per the standard corrosion test method ASTM D130-12.

Graphic abstract

Synthesis of the copolymeric additives composed of alkyl acrylates and LCAO under solvent-free conditions by the free radical polymerization, which shows a potential eco-friendly additive for base oils, was demonstrated. The alkyl acrylate and LCAO appendage on polymeric additive enabled better miscibility and transparency with base oils and without modifying the nature of base oils. Polymeric additive blended base oils show superior properties in terms of increasing the viscosity index, depressing the pour point and anticorrosion. This has the potential of exploration in pour point depressants in petroleum industry.

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Acknowledgements

We kindly acknowledge the Director of CSIR-IIP for his kind permission to publish these results. The authors are thankful to CSIR-IIP India, for financial support through the in-house project OLP1041. The authors are also grateful to Analytical Science Division of CSIR-IIP, Dehradun, for analytical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymeric Materials Area, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India

    Aruna Kukrety, Bhawna Sharma & Thangaraj Senthilkumar

  2. Synthetic Chemistry and Petrochemicals Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India

    Suman L. Jain

  3. Analytical Science Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India

    Piyush Gupta

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  1. Aruna Kukrety
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  2. Bhawna Sharma
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  4. Piyush Gupta
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  5. Suman L. Jain
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Correspondence to Thangaraj Senthilkumar.

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Kukrety, A., Sharma, B., Senthilkumar, T. et al. Design, synthesis, and performance evaluation of poly(long-chain α-olefin-co-acrylates) as multifunctional additives for lubricating base oils. Polym. Bull. 79, 4827–4840 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03738-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03738-2

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