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Viscoelastic behavior and toughness of the DGEBA epoxy resin with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane: effect of functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane), diglycidyl ether, PDMS-DGE, pre-reacted with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane

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Abstract

There is a great number of reports with the aim to reduce the inherent brittleness of epoxy resins through their modification with different types of reacting and non-reacting additives, in order to diversify their applications. In this work, the toughening effect of polydimethylsiloxane, diglycidyl ether (PDMS-DGE) as well as this rubber functionalized with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (PDMS-DGE-DCH) on the bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether/1,2-diaminocyclohexane epoxy resin (DGEBA/1,2-DCH) was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA. The results were correlated with those from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS X-ray, scanning electronic microscopy, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and tension tests. The epoxy resin added with 10 phr (parts per hundred of resin) PDMS-DGE underwent phase separation evidenced by voids of c.a. 0.7 µm left after extraction of PDMS-DGE, while Young's modulus and glass transition temperature, Tg, did not decrease significantly. In contrast, the PDMS-DGE-DCH modifier at 10 phr yielded epoxy resins with two lower partially overlapping Tg over a broader temperature range and increased on both the tensile strength and the tensile strain at the break by 2.8- and 16.8-fold, respectively. No voids were observed on the SEM images after subjected to extraction conditions with acetone, and EDS X-ray elemental mapping revealed Si atoms uniformly distributed on all the fracture-surface, proving that PDMS-DGE-DCH took part in the cure reaction into the network of epoxy resin.

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Acknowledgement

Jorge Alberto Granados-Olvera was supported by a graduate scholarship from the Mexiquense Council for Science and Technology, COMECyT. We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of M. Sci. Atilano Gutiérrez Carrillo (Laboratorio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear) for NMR measurements and Ing. Patricia Castillo Ocampo (Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica) for SEM and EDS X-ray measurements at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Campus Iztapalapa.

Funding

This work was supported by the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, Grant Number 2115-33428) and by the Tecnológico Nacional de México (Grant Number 656.18-PD: Obtención de resinas epoxídicas modificadas con elastómero nanoestructurado).

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  1. División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N Esq. Av. Hank González, Col Valle de Anáhuac, C.P. 55210, Ecatepec, Edo. de México, Mexico

    José Antonio Arcos-Casarrubias & Jorge Alberto Granados-Olvera

  2. Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana – Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Humberto Vázquez-Torres & Asdrúbal J. Cedeño

  3. División Académica de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Tecnológica Fidel Velázquez, Av. Emiliano Zapata S/N, El Tráfico, C.P. 54400, Villa Nicolás Romero, Mexico

    Jorge Alberto Granados-Olvera

  4. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    José Manuel Cervantes-Uc

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Arcos-Casarrubias, J.A., Vázquez-Torres, H., Granados-Olvera, J.A. et al. Viscoelastic behavior and toughness of the DGEBA epoxy resin with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane: effect of functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane), diglycidyl ether, PDMS-DGE, pre-reacted with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Polym. Bull. 79, 2871–2901 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03607-y

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