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Thermomechanical investigations of polyurea microspheres

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Abstract

Polyurea is a thermoset elastomer with a wide range of implementations in industrial and biomechanical applications. In the past two decades, bulk polyurea was heavily investigated under different environmental, operating, and loading conditions. The further exploitation of the superior thermomechanical properties of polyurea necessitates the exploration of smaller length scales, e.g., microscales and nanoscales. Thus, the objective of this research was to fabricate cross-linked polyurea microspheres, which was hypothesized to inherit some of the properties of the bulk polyurea. While the production yield was found to be low, the resulting polyurea microspheres exhibit the hallmark characteristics of their bulk counterpart. The microspheres, fabricated by a modified precipitation polymerization process, were examined with a scanning electron microscope showing the microspheres to have a highly textured surface morphology and an average diameter of 2.4 ± 2.9 µm. Using FTIR spectroscopy and a thermogravimetric analyzer, the microspheres were found to have inherited the overall chemical structure and hygrothermal properties of bulk polyurea. Using an atomic force microscope, the elastic modulus of the microspheres was found to be 114.75 ± 40.71 MPa, four times stiffer than that of bulk polyurea. With such disparity of the elastic modulus, the polyurea microspheres can be used as a reinforcement phase in future polymer–polymer composites.

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Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results was supported in part by the United States Department of Defense under Grant Agreement No. W911NF-14-1-0039 and W911NF-18-1-0477. The research was also supported by internal funds from San Diego State University. The authors also acknowledge the use of equipment at the San Diego State University Electron Microscopy Facility acquired by NSF instrumentation grant DBI-0959908.

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  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA

    Sophia Do, Jash Canilao, Sophia Stepp & George Youssef

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  1. Sophia Do
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  2. Jash Canilao
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  3. Sophia Stepp
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  4. George Youssef
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Correspondence to George Youssef.

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Do, S., Canilao, J., Stepp, S. et al. Thermomechanical investigations of polyurea microspheres. Polym. Bull. 79, 1081–1095 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03534-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03534-4

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