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Silk fibroin/collagen 3D scaffolds loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles for skin tissue regeneration

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Abstract

One of the biggest present challenges for clinicians is to regenerate the skin tissues which are lost due to trauma or diseases. Although the autografts are considered as the gold standard, yet they have their own limitations. However, a proper biocompatible, flexible, and mechanically stable, moisture retentive, and permeable synthetic membrane could be used instead of autografts. Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein based mechanically strong, biocompatible, biodegradable, and permeable material which has been used in wide range of applications like cosmetics, foods, drugs, tissue engineering, and wound healing. Similarly, collagen (CG) is biocompatible and biodegradable protein-based natural polymer. TiO2 particles have antibacterial properties. Keeping in mind the properties of these materials, we designed SF/CG membranes loaded with TiO2 particles for skin tissue regeneration using freeze drying technique. Starting with degumming of silk from B. mori, SF was extracted and regenerated which was used for further studies. The membranes were fabricated in two series; in first series concentration of TiO2 was optimized only in silk; in second series SF/CG/TiO2 membranes were fabricated with two different concentrations of CG. Membranes were characterized by FTIR and SEM. For the biological use of as-prepared membranes, swelling and degradation studies in H2O2 and lysozyme were carried out. Antibacterial studies were carried out on S. aureus and E. coli. To check the biocompatibility and cell toxicity, Alamar Blue Assay was performed. Attachment of cell with scaffolds was studied with Cell Attachment Assay and photos of cell attachment were recorded with SEM. Overall, the membranes showed good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. On the basis of these results, the fabricated membranes are potential candidates for skin tissue regeneration and wound healing application.

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Acknowledgements

Author Hamad Khalid gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by the HEC of Pakistan under the Start-up Research Grant Program (SRGP) Grant Number 1572, and author Ather F. Khan gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan under NRPU Grant Number 4099.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Hamad Khalid, Haffsah Iqbal, Rabia Zeeshan, Muhammad Nasir, Faiza Sharif, Muhammad Akram, Aqif Anwar Chaudhry & Ather Farooq Khan

  2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Masooma Irfan

  3. Sharif Medical City Hospital, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

    Farooq Azam Khan

Authors
  1. Hamad Khalid
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  2. Haffsah Iqbal
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  3. Rabia Zeeshan
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  4. Muhammad Nasir
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  5. Faiza Sharif
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  6. Muhammad Akram
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  7. Masooma Irfan
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  8. Farooq Azam Khan
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  9. Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
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  10. Ather Farooq Khan
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Correspondence to Hamad Khalid or Ather Farooq Khan.

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Khalid, H., Iqbal, H., Zeeshan, R. et al. Silk fibroin/collagen 3D scaffolds loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles for skin tissue regeneration. Polym. Bull. 78, 7199–7218 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03475-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03475-y

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