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Studies of new biocidal polyguanidines: antibacterial action and toxicity

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to obtain new water-soluble polyguanidines, assess their antimicrobial properties with respect to the test objects of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus and establish the hazard class regulated in the territory of the Russian Federation. Polymers obtained in high yields by the method of polycondensation in the melt of the corresponding monomers and characterized by the methods of IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Serial dilution–agar plate procedure was performed in order to estimate antibacterial effects. The biocidal properties of the samples were estimated by the percentage reduction of microorganisms (% reduction). To determine the acute toxicity, a toxicometric assessment and symptoms of intoxication upon oral administration of a single dose were carried out in laboratory animals. New water-soluble guanidine-containing polymers with a number average molecular weight of 660–1040 Da were obtained. Copolymers with a low degree of substitution (10–20%) exhibit high antimicrobial activity among N-phenyl-substituted samples. As a result of the substituent increase in the polymer chain, their activity in relation to the studied bacteria is linearly decreased to a level comparable to the test sample. In contrast to the N-octyl-substituted copolymers, gram-positive bacterium B. cereus is more susceptible to N-phenyl-substituted samples. Substances after intragastric injection belong to the fourth class of toxicity (LD50 > 300 ≤ 2000 mg/kg) according to the requirements of tabulation of toxicity classes regulated in the territory of the Russian Federation. The combination of low toxicity with a high level of antibacterial activity of new guanidine-containing polymers suggests the possibility of obtaining new effective disinfectants.

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Availability of data and materials

The data analyzed during the study will be available from the corresponding authors upon request.

Abbreviations

PHMG:

Polyhexamethyleneguanidine

PHMGHC:

PHMG hydrochloride

HMDA:

Hexamethylenediamine

GHC:

Guanidine hydrochloride

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Funding

The study was performed in the framework of the state assignment of Baikal Institute of Nature Management of SB RAS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Baikal Institute of Nature Management SB RAS, 6, Sakhyanova Street, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russia, 670043

    S. A. Stelmakh, M. N. Grigor’eva, N. M. Garkusheva, O. S. Ochirov, D. M. Mognonov & V. B. Batoev

  2. East-Siberia State University of Technologies and Management, 40V, Klyuchevskaya Street 1, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russia, 670013

    S. N. Lebedeva, D. M. Mognonov & S. D. Zhamsaranova

Authors
  1. S. A. Stelmakh
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  2. M. N. Grigor’eva
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  3. N. M. Garkusheva
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  4. S. N. Lebedeva
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  5. O. S. Ochirov
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  6. D. M. Mognonov
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  7. S. D. Zhamsaranova
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  8. V. B. Batoev
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Contributions

SS, SL and MG designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, drafted the paper and supervised the overall work. MG, NG and OO contributed on the data collection and statistical analysis. SS reviewed the study design. DM, SZ and VB contributed on the interpretation of the data and the study design of the paper and approved the manuscript. All authors have accepted and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to S. A. Stelmakh.

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Stelmakh, S.A., Grigor’eva, M.N., Garkusheva, N.M. et al. Studies of new biocidal polyguanidines: antibacterial action and toxicity. Polym. Bull. 78, 1997–2008 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03197-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03197-1

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