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Properties and mechanism of EVM–GMA terpolymer elastomer cross-linked by epoxy–anhydride reaction

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Abstract

In this paper, ethylene–vinyl acetate–glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer elastomer (EVM–GMA) was vulcanized by methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) and cross-linked by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a reference. Mechanical properties and hot-air aging properties were investigated. The cross-linking mechanism of EVM–GMA reacting with MTHPA was proposed, and a “model vulcanization reaction’ was designed to prove its rationality. The reaction products were characterized by GPC, FT-IR, GC–MS, 1H-NMR and so on. The results indicated that the cured torque MH − ML and cross-link density of EVM–GMA increased first and then decreased with the increase in amount of MTHPA. An optimum of curing, mechanical properties and aging resistance were found at a molar ratio of anhydride to GMA of 1:2. The MTHPA curing reaction catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium bromide was faster compared to the selected DCP cure system, and the mechanical properties, compression set and hot-air aging performance were superior as well. The “model vulcanization reaction” indicated that one molecule of MTHPA successfully reacted with two molecules of the mono-epoxy compound of glycidyl–versatic ester (E10P) to form a hydroxyl-terminated epoxy–anhydride–epoxy polyester structure. Therefore, one molecule of MTHPA can “bridge” two epoxy side groups (provided by GMA) on the adjacent molecular chain of EVM–GMA to realize rubber cross-linking, which proved that the cross-linking mechanism based on epoxy–anhydride reaction for EVM–GMA elastomer proposed in this paper was reasonable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2018MEM025) and Arlanxeo, without which the work presented in this article, would not have been possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber and Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People’s Republic of China

    Xingxing Ji, Maolin Zhang, Hao Yin, Yang Lyu & Xinyan Shi

  2. Arlanxeo High Performance Elastomers Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200021, People’s Republic of China

    Martin Hoch

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  1. Xingxing Ji
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Ji, X., Zhang, M., Yin, H. et al. Properties and mechanism of EVM–GMA terpolymer elastomer cross-linked by epoxy–anhydride reaction. Polym. Bull. 78, 769–794 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03133-3

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