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Novel phosphonate-based phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants and their use as synergists when applied with OP1240 in glass fiber-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate)

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Abstract

In an attempt to investigate the synergies between aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and phosphonate-based phosphorus–nitrogen (P–N) flame retardants (FRs) in glass fiber-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (GF-PBT), novel piperazine analogue-based P–N FRs were synthesized. The thermal degradation and flame-retarding performance when cooperating with a commercial AlPi product, Exolit OP 1240, were determined, and their synergistic results were compared with a well-known melamine polyphosphate (MPP) synergist. As a result of TGA, SEM, and FTIR analyses, it was found that the phosphonate-based P–N FRs yielded improved synergism even with a lower P % content loading compared to MPP. To achieve a V-0 rating, the P content loading of piperazine analogue-based P–N FRs was 0.43% in the GF-PBT/OP1240 mixture at a 13.3 phr loading while that of MPP should be higher than 0.53% in the same formulation. The P content is the governing factor in the fire-retarding efficiency of phosphonate-based P–N FRs, which was well correlated with OP1240 in the gas phase. It is demonstrated that the combination of piperazine analogue-based P–N FRs with OP1240 significantly improves both thermal stability and flame retardancy of GF-PBT material.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the financial support provided by Cheil Industries, Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea

    Hai Vothi, Congtranh Nguyen, DongQuy Hoang & Jinhwan Kim

  2. Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam

    Congtranh Nguyen

  3. Department of Polymer and Composite Materials, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam

    DongQuy Hoang

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  1. Hai Vothi
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  2. Congtranh Nguyen
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  4. Jinhwan Kim
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Correspondence to DongQuy Hoang or Jinhwan Kim.

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Vothi, H., Nguyen, C., Hoang, D. et al. Novel phosphonate-based phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants and their use as synergists when applied with OP1240 in glass fiber-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate). Polym. Bull. 77, 1503–1518 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02818-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02818-8

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