Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrical, thermal, morphological, and antibacterial studies of synthesized polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites (PANI/ZnO NCs) have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in a dispersion containing different weight content of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) (1.5, 3, 5, and 8 wt% to aniline). ZnO NPs were prepared by combustion method. The structural, morphological, thermal properties of the synthesized PANI/ZnO NCs were evaluated using various analytical tools such as FTIR, TEM, SEM, TGA, and XRD. The variation of electrical conductivity and permittivity of the synthesized NCs with frequency was studied. The antibacterial activities of the NCs to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. FTIR data of the NCs proved the formation of H-bonding between ZnO and –NH of PANI. XRD pattern of ZnO showed hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure of particle size 46.67 nm, while the addition of ZnO NPs to poorly crystalline PANI indicated nearly the same crystalline structure. TEM of ZnO NPs showed hexagonal and pseudospherical crystalline structure, while that of PANI/ZnO NCs revealed ZnO NPs were coated in PANI matrix. SEM images displayed uniformly dispersed ZnO NPs in PANI matrix with minute agglomerated particles. Medium antibacterial activity to E. coli was obtained for all NCs, while that containing 8% ZnO revealed high activity to Staphylococcus aureus. The variation of conductivity of the NCs with frequency at room temperature showed that ZnO plays an important role in conduction mechanism such that different phases were obtained. NC containing 5% ZnO possessed the highest conductivity. The permittivity of NCs decreased with the frequency and increased with increasing temperature. The dielectric loss decreased with the frequency indicating energy conservation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Raghavendra SC, Khasim S, Revanasiddappa M, Prasad MVN, Kulkarni AB (2003) Synthesis, characterization and low frequency a.c. conduction of polyaniline/fly ash composites. Bull Mater Sci 26:733–739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Umare SS, Shambharkar BH, Ningthoujam RS (2010) Synthesis and Characterization of polyaniline-Fe3O4 nanocomposite: electrical conductivity, magnetic, electrochemical studies. Synth Met 160:1815–1821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Choudhury A (2009) Polyaniline/Silver nanocomposites: dielectric properties and ethanol vapor sensitivity. Sens Actuators, B 138:318–325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Varga M, Prokes J, Bober P, Stejskal J (2012) Electrical conductivity of polyaniline-silver nanocomposites. In: WDS12–Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part III, pp 52–57

  5. Pavol K (2015) Polyaniline nanoparticles: Composite for gas sensors preparation and characterization. Ph.D. Thesis, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

  6. Das TK, Prusty S (2012) Review on conducting polymers and their applications. Polym Plast Technol Eng 5:1487–1500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Roy AS, Anilkumar KR, Prasad MVN (2012) Studies of AC conductivity and dielectric relaxation behavior of CdO-doped nanometric polyaniline. J Appl Polym Sci 123:1928–1934

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Reda SM, Al-Ghannam SM (2012) Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline Composite with silver nanoparticles. Adv Mater Phys Chem 2:75–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liang X, Sun M, Li L, Qiao R, Chen K, Xiao Q, Xu F (2012) Preparation and antibacterial activities of polyaniline/Cu0.05Zn0.95O nanocomposites. Dalton Trans 41:2804–2811

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bogdanovic U, Vodnik V, Mitric M, Dimitrijevic S, Skapin SD, Zunic V, Budimir M, Stoiljkovic M (2015) Nanomaterial with high antimicrobial efficiency-copper/polyaniline nanocomposite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:1955–1966

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Mohsen RM, Aby- Selim MM, Ayana YM, Morsi SM, Ghoneim AM, El-Sawy S (2016) Nanotechnology and nanomaterials. In: Waqar A (ed) Nanomaterials and nanotechnology. One Central Press, UK, pp 145–179

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kaur A, Saini D, Kaur H (2016) Synthesis, characterization and applications of ZnO nanoparticles: mini review. Int J Eng Sci 18:59–78

    Google Scholar 

  13. Radzimska AK, Jesionowski T (2014) Zinc Oxide-from synthesis to application: a review. Mater 7:2833–2881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kumar KM, Mandal BK, Naidu EA, Sinha M, Kumar KS, Reddy PS (2013) Synthesis and characterisation of flower shaped zinc oxide nanostructures and its antimicrobial activity. Spectrochim Acta, Part A 104:171–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Shi LE, Xing L, Hou B, Ge H, Guo X, Tang Z (2010) Inorganic nano mental oxides used as anti-microorganism agents for pathogen control. In: Mendez-Vilas A (ed) Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology, 2nd edn. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, pp 361–368

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sivakumar K, Kumar VS, Shim JJ, Haldorai Y (2014) Photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of poly(aniline-co-o-anisidine)/zinc oxide nanocomposite. Asian J Chem 26:600–606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Eskizeybek V, Gulce H, Gulce A, Avci A, Akgul E (2012) Preparation of polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposites by using arc-discharge synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and photocatalytic applications. J Fac Eng Arch Selcuk Univ 27:111–120

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sinha S, Bhadra S, Khastgir D (2009) Effect of Dopant type on the properties of polyaniline. J Appl Polym Sci 112:3135–3140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Patil SL, Pawar SG, Chougule MA, Raut BT, Godse PR, Sen S, Patil VB (2012) Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of PANi-ZnO nanocomposites. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater 61:809–820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ansari SP, Mohammad F (2012) Studies on nanocomposites of polyaniline and zinc oxide nanoparticles with supporting matrix of polycarbonate. Int Sch Res Notices 2012:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mostafaei A, Zolriasatein A (2012) Synthesis and characterization of conducting polyaniline nanocomposites containing ZnO nanorods. Prog Nat Sci Mater Inter 22:273–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Alam M, Alandis NM, Ansari AA, Shaik MR (2013) Optical and electrical studies of polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite. J Nanomater 2013:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ansari SP, Mohammed F (2010) Electrical studies on the composite of polyaniline with zinc oxide nanoparticles. IUP J Chem 3:7–18

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ahmed YM, Hassan SM (2014) Effect of ZnO particle size on A.C. electrical properties of prepared polyaniline ZnO composites. Int J Based Appl Sci 3:34–38

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kermani AS, Mirzaee M, Moghaddam MG (2016) Polyvinyl alcohol/Polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization and bactericidal property. Adv Biol Chem 6:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mostafaei A, Nasirpouri F (2013) Preparation and characterization of a novel conducting nanocomposite blended with epoxy coating for antifouling and antibacterial applications. J Coat Technol Res 10:679–694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Nasiiri H, Motlagh E, Valhdati JK, Zebarjad SM (2012) Role of fuel/oxidizer ratio on the synthesis conditions of Cu–Al2O3 nanocomposite prepared through solution combustion synthesis. Mater Res Bull 47:3676–3680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 45:493–496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Parra MR, Haque PZ (2014) Aqueous chemical route synthesis and the effect of calcination temperature on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. J Mater Res Technol 3:363–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hassan F, Miran MS, Simol HA, Susan MAB, Mollah MYA (2015) Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by a hybrid electrochemical-thermal method: influence of calcination temperature. Bangaladish J Sci Ind Res 50:21–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vermeulen AC (2001) An elastic constants database and XEC calculator for use in XRD residual stress analysis. Adv X-Ray Anal 44:128–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tian L, Lin B, Wu L, Li K, Liu H, Yan J, Liu X, Xi Z (2015) Neurotoxicity induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles: age-related differences and interaction. Sci Rep 5:16117–16127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Srinivasan N, Rangasami C, Kannan JC (2015) Synthesis structure and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Int J Appl Eng Res 10:343–345

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kango S, Kalia S, Celli A, Njuguna J, Habibi Y, Kumar R (2013) Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles for development of organic–inorganic nanocomposites-a review. Prog Polym Sci 38:1232–1261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Abd El-kader FH, Hakeem NA, Elashmawi IS, Ismail AM (2013) Structural, optical and thermal characterization of ZnO nanoparticles doped in PEO/PVA blend films. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 7:608–619

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jonscher AK (1977) The ‘universal’ dielectric response. Nature 267:673–679

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tcheliebou F, Boulouz M, Boyer A (1996) Electrical behaviour of thin ZrO2 films containing some ceramic oxides. Mater Sci Eng, B 38:90–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors greatly appreciate the National Research Center for the financial support of this research article derived from Project No. 10050408. They thank Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hashem, vice president of National Research Center of research affairs and international relations, for his continuous support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohoth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt

    Ragia M. Mohsen, Samir M. M. Morsi, Mohamed M. Selim & Hazem M. El-Sherif

  2. Microwave Physics and Dielectric Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohoth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Ghoneim

Authors
  1. Ragia M. Mohsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Samir M. M. Morsi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed M. Selim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmed M. Ghoneim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hazem M. El-Sherif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samir M. M. Morsi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mohsen, R.M., Morsi, S.M.M., Selim, M.M. et al. Electrical, thermal, morphological, and antibacterial studies of synthesized polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites. Polym. Bull. 76, 1–21 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2348-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2348-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation