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Synthesis and characterization of polyelectrolyte complex membranes for the pervaporation separation of water–isopropanol mixtures using sodium alginate and gelatin

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Abstract

Using a solution technique, polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes were prepared by the complexation of sodium alginate (SA) with gelatin (Ge). The physico-chemical properties of these PEC membranes were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pervaporation characteristics of membranes were investigated with water–isopropanol mixtures. The effects of Ge content and feed compositions on the pervaporation performance of the membranes were analyzed. The data thus obtained were employed to explain permeation behavior of water and isopropanol through PEC membranes. The experimental results showed that the membrane containing 10 mass% of Ge exhibits the highest separation selectivity of 4277 with a flux of 8.47 × 10−2 kg/m2 h at 30 °C for 10 mass% of water in the feed. The total flux and flux of water are found to be overlapping each other, particularly, for PEC membranes, manifesting that the developed membranes could be used effectively to break the azeotropic point of water–isopropanol mixtures. From the temperature dependent diffusion and permeation values, the Arrhenius activation parameters were estimated. The activation energy values obtained for water permeation (E pw) are significantly lower than those of isopropanol permeation (E pIPA), suggesting that the Ge-incorporated membranes have higher separation ability for water–isopropanol system. The negative heat of sorption (∆H s) values was obtained for all the membranes, suggesting that Langmuir’s mode of sorption is predominant.

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Abbreviations

M w :

Molecular weight

A :

Effective membrane area (m2)

DS:

Degree of swelling (%)

D 0 :

Pre-exponential factor for diffusion

E D :

Activation energy for diffusion (kJ/mol)

E Dw :

Activation energy for diffusion of water (kJ/mol)

E p :

Activation energy for permeation (kJ/mol)

E pw :

Activation energy for permeation of water (kJ/mol)

E DIPA :

Activation energy for diffusion of IPA (kJ/mol)

E x :

Activation energy for permeation or diffusion (kJ/mol)

∆H s :

Heat of sorption (kJ/mol)

IPA:

Isopropanol

J :

Total flux (kg/m2 h)

J 0 :

Pre-exponential factor for permeation

PSI:

Pervaporation separation index

P and F :

Mass percent of permeate and feed

R :

Gas constant

t :

Permeation time (h)

T :

Temperature (K)

W :

Mass of permeate (kg)

W s and W d :

Mass of the swollen and dry membranes

δ :

Membrane thickness (45 μm)

α sep :

Separation factor

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the UGC, New Delhi (F. No. 37-245/3009, SR) for providing financial support. Authors sincerely thank the Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, for extending wide-angle X-ray diffraction facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India

    A. M. Sajjan, H. G. Premakshi & M. Y. Kariduraganavar

  2. Department of Chemistry, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India

    A. M. Sajjan

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  1. A. M. Sajjan
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  2. H. G. Premakshi
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  3. M. Y. Kariduraganavar
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Correspondence to M. Y. Kariduraganavar.

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Sajjan, A.M., Premakshi, H.G. & Kariduraganavar, M.Y. Synthesis and characterization of polyelectrolyte complex membranes for the pervaporation separation of water–isopropanol mixtures using sodium alginate and gelatin. Polym. Bull. 75, 851–875 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2062-7

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