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Synthesis, structural characterization, and antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects of a novel modified poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate)/doxorubicin conjugate

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Abstract

Drug carrier, poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) (MAVA or poly[MA-co-VA]) copolymer, was traditionally synthesized by free radical chain polymerization reaction, in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) organic media at 80 °C, using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the radicalic initiator. The purified copolymer was then modified with a chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) at 75 °C for 72 h, using N-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) as the carboxylic acid-activating agent. Structural characterization of the MAVA and the modified MAVA/DOX conjugate was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Their molecular weights were determined by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The spectroscopic and SEC results confirmed that conjugated/modification reaction was successfully carried out. UV spectrophotometric measurements indicated that MAVA/DOX preserved its molecular stability in physiological body fluid, PBS (physiological pH 7.40 at 37 °C). Antiproliferative activities of MAVA/DOX were determined by BrdU cell proliferation ELISA assay using C6 (Rat Brain tumor cells) and HeLa (human uterus carcinoma) cell lines in vitro by comparing with free DOX agent (reference compound). Although MAVA showed low antiproliferative activity, both MAVA/DOX and DOX exhibited greater activity against HeLa and C6. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay was performed for MAVA/DOX and DOX, which detected a non-toxic effect against C6 even at the highest dose (100 μg/mL). IC50 and IC75 values were also determined using ED50 plus v1.0. Molecular modeling at M06-L/6-31 + G(d,p)//AM1 level showed that the electron density in MAVA/DOX is more localized resulting a higher polarization and thereby a higher dipole moment which shed light on the solubility of MAVA/DOX conjugate.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Sciences Research Projects Foundation of Cumhuriyet University (Project No: F258 and F339). Structural characterizations were carried out at Technology Research and Developing Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. Average molecular weight distribution of MAVA and MAVA/DOX was analyzed by Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Measurements at Yildiz Technical University.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Gulderen Karakus

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010, Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey

    Abdulilah Ece

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cankırı Karatekin University, 18100, Cankırı, Turkey

    Ayse Sahin Yaglioglu

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

    Haci Bayram Zengin

  5. Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, 34662, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mesut Karahan

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  1. Gulderen Karakus
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Karakus, G., Ece, A., Yaglioglu, A.S. et al. Synthesis, structural characterization, and antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects of a novel modified poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate)/doxorubicin conjugate. Polym. Bull. 74, 2159–2184 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1821-1

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