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Preparation of the chitosan/polyacrylonitrile semi-IPN hydrogel via glutaraldehyde vapors for the removal of Rhodamine B dye

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Abstract

In the present study, a chitosan/polyacrylonitrile semi-IPN hydrogel system was developed. To do so various blends of chitosan/polyacrylonitrile were prepared. The miscibility of the polymers, crosslinking of chitosan via glutaraldehyde vapors to produce semi-IPN and microstructures of the hydrogels were determined with DSC, FT-IR and FE-SEM, respectively. The DSC thermograms of hydrogels blends showed a single Tg (at 179–152 °C for Gel1–Gel4), which suggested good miscibility between the two polymers. For semi-IPN (Gel7) the Tg appeared at slightly lower temperature (128 °C), which suggested reduced intermolecular interactions between the two polymers due to the crosslinking of the chitosan. FT-IR showed no change in the characteristic bands positions of the two polymers for hydrogel blends(Gel1–Gel4) and a characteristic doublet at 1563 cm−1 and 1630 cm−1 (for the crosslinking of chitosan with glutaraldehyde) for semi-IPN hydrogel (Gel7). The FE-SEM micrographs showed homogenous (with no phase separation) surface and cross section morphologies for the blends hydrogels (Gel1–Gel4) and semi-IPN hydrogel (Gel7). The aqueous behaviors of the blend hydrogel (Gel1) and semi-IPNs (Gel5–Gel7) were investigated with the reported methods. The % degree of swelling was observed to decrease whereas stability increased as the crosslinking time was increased. The semi-IPN hydrogel (Gel7) showed improved stability and fair swelling. The potential of blend hydrogel (Gel1) and semi-IPNs hydrogel (Gel7) as adsorbents for the adsorption of Rhodamine B dye was studied. Rhodamine B dye showed significant adsorption affinity for semi-IPN hydrogel (Gel7). The data fitted best to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm. Intraparticle diffusion model confirmed that diffusion is not the only rate-limiting step, some degree of boundary layer control may be also operating.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Saud University for its funding of this research through the Research Group no RG-1437-029.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel, Sajjad Haider, Muhammad Omer Aijaz & Waheed A. Almasry

  2. Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea

    Adnan Haider

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Tahseen Kamal

  4. Chemistry Division, PAEC, PO Box 1331, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Javid

  5. Sustainable Energy Technologies Center, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Salah Ud-Din Khan

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  1. Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel
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  2. Sajjad Haider
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Correspondence to Sajjad Haider.

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Al-Mubaddel, F.S., Haider, S., Aijaz, M.O. et al. Preparation of the chitosan/polyacrylonitrile semi-IPN hydrogel via glutaraldehyde vapors for the removal of Rhodamine B dye. Polym. Bull. 74, 1535–1551 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1788-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1788-y

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