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Novel organomodified kaolin/silica hybrid fillers in natural rubber and its blend with polybutadiene rubber

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Abstract

Phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid prepolymer (PCNSL) was used as an organomodifier for kaolin and the role of the PCNSL-modified kaolin as a reinforcing nanofiller in natural rubber (NR) and its blends with polybutadiene rubber (BR) was studied. The organomodified kaolin was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that PCNSL could act as a coupling agent and compatibilizer between kaolin and rubber. Improved physico-mechanical properties were observed at a dosage of 6 phr of the modified kaolin in NR. Blends of NR with BR containing precipitated silica/PCNSL-modified kaolin hybrid filler showed improved tensile properties, tear strength and flex fatigue resistance along with lower heat build-up which could be beneficial for applications such as automobile tire sidewall.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. A. Ajayaghosh, Director, NIIST-CSIR, Thiruvananthapuram, for providing the necessary facilities for carrying out this work. We would like to thank Dr. E. Bhoje Gowd, Mr. Amal Raj, Mr. M.R. Chandran, Mrs. Saumya Valsalam, Mr. Kiran Mohan and Mr. M. Brahmakumar of NIIST for a part of the testing and characterization. Thanks are also due to Ms. Roshin Peter, Ms. Raji V.V. and Ms. Anitha A.M. for assistance and co-operation. We would like to acknowledge Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII), Kottayam, Sree Chithra Tirunal Institute of Medical Science and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, and Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, for extending their facilities for a part of the characterization. One of the authors (Sreelekshmi R.V.) would like to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for providing research fellowship. The financial assistance provided by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under CSIR Network programme (Project No. CSC-0135) is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India

    R. V. Sreelekshmi & A. R. Ravindranatha Menon

  2. Chemicals Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 019, Kerala, India

    J. D. Sudha

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  1. R. V. Sreelekshmi
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Correspondence to A. R. Ravindranatha Menon.

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Sreelekshmi, R.V., Sudha, J.D. & Menon, A.R.R. Novel organomodified kaolin/silica hybrid fillers in natural rubber and its blend with polybutadiene rubber. Polym. Bull. 74, 783–801 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1745-9

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