Abstract
The immobilization of chicken egg white lysozyme (Lyz) molecules on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) gel beads containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (PGBH) was studied as a function of temperature and HEMA content. Using dynamic and static light scattering measurements, nanometer-sized PGBH particles were shown to exhibit thermo-responsive behavior, and aggregate formation occurred during temperature changes from 25 to 40 °C. The radii of PGBH and Lyz-immobilizing PGBH, the amount of immobilized Lyz and the activity of immobilized Lyz depended on both HEMA content and temperature. Moreover, the activity of immobilized Lyz also depended on the molecular size of the substrates, and the Lyz immobilized on PGBH particles with higher HEMA content showed activity toward low molecular weight substrates at 40 °C nearly equal to that of native Lyz, which indicates that no conformational change in the Lyz molecule occurred after immobilization. These results demonstrate that changes in the activity of the immobilized Lyz were due to a balance of an increase in the affinity between the substrate and Lyz resulting from concentration effects and the steric hindrance between the substrate and Lyz incorporated into the PGBH aggregates with increasing HEMA content and temperature. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that PGBH is a useful material as an enzyme immobilization carrier.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Izumi T, Hirata M, Takahashi K, Kokufuta E (1994) Complexation of papain with strong polyanions and enzymatic activities of the resulting complexes. J Macromol Sci A31(1):39–51
Tsuboi A, Izumi T, Hirata M, Xia J, Dubin PL, Kokufuta E (1996) Complexation of proteins with a strong polyanion in an aqueous salt-free system. ACS J Surf Colloids Langmuir 12(26):6295–6303
Takahashi D, Kubota Y, Kokai K, Izumi T, Hirata M, Kokufuta E (2000) Effects of surface charge distribution of proteins in their complexation with polyelectrolytes in an aqueous salt-free system. ACS J Surf Colloids Langmuir 16(7):3133–3140
Hamdya SM, El-Sigenyb S, Abou Talebc MF (2008) Immobilization of urease on (HEMA/IA) hydrogel prepared by gamma radiation. J Macromol Sci Part A: Pure Appl Chem 45:980–987
Shimomura M, Kikuchi H, Yamauchi T, Miyauchi S (1996) Covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase on magnetite particles via graft polymerization of acrylic acid. J Macromol Sci Part A: Pure Appl Chem 33:1687–1697
Takahashi D, Uchida K, Izumi T (2011) Activities of lysozyme complexed with polysaccharides and potassium poly (vinyl alcohol sulfate) with various degrees of esterification. Polym Bull 67:741–751
Kokufuta E, Nishimura H (1991) Complexation of pepsin poly (ethylene glycol). Polym Bull 26:277–282
Ito S, Hirasa O, Fujishige S (1991) Preparation of nanometer-sized polymer beads. Bull Res Inst Polym Text 167:67–73
Schild HG (1992) Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide): experiment, theory and application. Prog Polym Sci 17:163–249
Fujishige S, Kubota K, Ando I (1989) Phase transition of aqueous solutions of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly (N-isopropylmethacrylamide). J Phys Chem A 93:3311–3313
Winnik FM (1990) Methanol–water as a co-nonsolvent system for poly (N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromolecules 23:2415–2416
Khan A (2007) Preparation and characterization of N-isopropylacrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer core–shell microgel particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 313:697–704
Kokufuta E (1992) Functional immobilized biocatalysts. Prog Polym Sci 17:647–697
Kokufuta E, Aman Y (1997) A biochemo-mechanical system consisting of polymer gel with immobilized glucose dehydrogenase. Polym Gels Netw 5:439–454
Wei H, Cheng S-X, Zhang X-Z, Zhuo R-X (2009) Thermo-sensitive polymeric micelles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as drug carriers. Prog Polym Sci 34:893–910
Sumi Y, Shiroya T, Fujimoto K, Wada T, Handa H, Kawaguchi H (1994) Application of cationic latex particles for protein separation. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 2:419–427
Shiroya T, Tamura N, Yasui M, Fujimoto K, Kawaguchi H (1995) Enzyme immobilization on thermosensitive hydrogel microspheres. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 4:267–274
Shiroya T, Yasui M, Fujimoto K, Kawaguchi H (1995) Control of enzymatic activity using thermosensitive polymers. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 4:275–285
Yasui M, Shiroya T, Fujimoto K, Kawaguchi H (1997) Activity of enzymes immobilized on microspheres with thermosensitive hairs. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 8:311–319
Lin C-L, Chiu W-Y, Lee C-F (2005) Preparation of thermoresponsive core–shell copolymer latex with potential use in drug targeting. J Colloid Interface Sci 290:397–405
Provencher SW (1979) Inverse problems in polymer characterization: direct analysis of polydispersity with photon correlation spectroscopy. Macromol Chem Phys 180:201–209
Imoto T, Yagishita K (1971) A simple activity measurement of lysozyme. Agric Biol Chem 35(7):1154–1156
Yoo MK, Sung YK, Lee YM, Cho CS (2000) Effect of polyelectrolyte on the lower critical solution temperature of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) in the poly(NIPAAm-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel. Polymer 41:5713–5719
Adem E, Avalos-Borja M, Bucio E, Burillo G, Castillon FF, Cota L (2005) Surface characterization of binary grafting of AAc/NIPAAm onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). Nuclear Instrum Methods Phys Res B 234:471–476
Jones MS (1999) Effect of pH on the lower critical solution temperatures of random copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid. Eur Polym J 35:795–801
Kamala H, Sabryb GM, Lotfyac S, Abdallahb NM, Rosiakc J, Hegazya EA (2008) Immobilization of glucoamylase on polypropylene fibers modified by radiation induced graft copolymerization. J Macromol Sci Part A: Pure Appl Chem 45:65–75
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank S. Ito for technical support in the preparation of the PGBH particles.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takahashi, D., Hamada, T. & Izumi, T. Immobilization of lysozyme on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer core–shell gel beads. Polym. Bull. 68, 1777–1788 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-012-0715-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-012-0715-0