Abstract
A set of water-insoluble resins based on sodium styrene sulfonate and different comonomers were synthesized. The resins poly(mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate-co-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) P(MOES-co-SSNa), poly(2-acrylamido glycolic acid-co-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) P(AGA-co-SSNa), poly(acrylamide-co-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) P(AAm-co-SSNa), and poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl acrylate-co-sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) P(DMAEA-co-SSNa) were synthesized by solution radical polymerization. The metal ion retention properties were studied by batch procedure for Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II). Resins performance was compared with a poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa) resin in order to evaluate the effect of comonomer on sorption properties. The effect of pH, time, temperature, and maximum retention capacity were studied. In addition, sorption experiments were carried out under competitive ion conditions to study the selectivity of resins. The resins P(AAm-co-SSNa) and P(AGA-co-SSNa), showed the most important differences compared with PSSNa resin, the former present higher sorption and the latter presented selectivity for Hg(II) at pH 2.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bradl HB (2005) Sources and origins of heavy metals. In: Bradl HB (ed) Heavy metals in the environment, vol 6, 1st edn. Elsevier, London
WHO (2004) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, vol 1, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
Dabrowski A, Hubicki Z, Podkoscielny P, Robens E (2004) Selective removal of the heavy metal ions from waters and industrial wastewaters by ion-exchange method. Chemosphere 56(2):91–106
Ning RY (2002) Arsenic removal by reverse osmosis. Desalination 143(3):237–241. doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(02)00262-x
Abollino O, Aceto M, Malandrino M, Sarzanini C, Mentasti E (2003) Adsorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite. Effect of pH and organic substances. Water Res 37:1619–1627
Reddad Z, Gerente C, Andres Y, Le Cloirec P (2002) Adsorption of several metal ions onto a low-cost biosorbent: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Environ Sci Technol 36(9):2067–2073. doi:10.1021/es0102989
Zagorodni AA (2007) Ion exchange materials properties and applications, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Alexandratos SD (2009) Ion-exchange resins: a retrospective from industrial and engineering chemistry research. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:388–398
Zhang H, Dreisinger DB (2004) The recovery of gold from ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions containing copper using ion exchange resin columns. Hydrometallurgy 72:225–234
Zainol Z, Nicol MJ (2009) Comparative study of chelating ion exchange resins for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite leach tailings. Hydrometallurgy 96:283–287
Alexandratos SD, Natesan S (1999) Ion-selective polymer-supported reagents: the principle of bifunctionality. Eur Polym J 35:431–436
Alexandratos SD, Hussain LA (1995) Bifunctionality as a means of enhancing complexation kinetics in selective ion exchange resins. Ind Eng Chem Res 34:251–254
Pustam AN, Alexandratos SD (2010) Engineering selectivity into polymer-supported reagents for transition metal ion complex formation. React Funct Polym 70:545–554
Alexandratos SD (2007) New polymer-supported ion-complexing agents: design, preparation and metal ion affinities of immobilized ligands. J Hazard Mater A139:467–470
Bhaskarapillai A, Sevilimedu NV, Sellergren B (2009) Synthesis and characterization of imprinted polymers for radioactive waste reduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:3730–3737
Wang C-C, Chen C-Y, Chang C-Y (2002) Synthesis of chelating resins with iminodiacetic acid and its wastewater treatment application. J Appl Polym Sci 84:1353–1362
Rivas BL, Muñoz C (2007) Removal of environmentally impacting metal ions using functional resin poly(4-styrene sulfonate-co-4-vinylpyridine): synthesis and metal ion retention properties. J Appl Polym Sci 104:1769–1774
Rivas BL, Villegas S, Ruf B (2006) Synthesis of water-insoluble functional copolymers containing amide, amine, and carboxylic acid groups and their metal-ion-uptake properties. J Appl Polym Sci 102:5232–5239
Brijmohan SB, Swier S, Weiss RA, Shaw MT (2005) Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(21):8039–8045
Arunbabu D, Sanga Z, Seenimeera KM, Jana T (2009) Emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate: kinetics, monomer reactivity ratios and copolymer properties. Polym Int 58(1):88–96
Zu JH, Yu CH, Wu MH, Jiao Z, Zhang JQ, Liu XW (2006) Radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate onto high-density polyethylene membranes. II. Thermal and chemical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 99(6):3396–3400. doi:10.1002/app.23033
Rivas BL, Muñoz C (2009) Synthesis and metal ion adsorption properties of poly(4-sodium styrene sulfonate-co-acrylic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 114:1587–1592
Rivas BL, Muñoz C (2009) Poly(4-sodium styrene sulfonate-co-4-acryloylmorpholine). Synthesis, characterization, and metal ion retention properties. Sep Sci Technol 44(4):894–905
Pearson RG (1963) Hard and soft acids and bases. J Am Chem Soc 85:3533–3539
Parr RG, Pearson RG (1983) Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity. J Am Chem Soc 105:7512–7516
Rivas BL, Muñoz C (2006) Separation of metal ions by water-insoluble polymers containing sulfonic/sulfonate groups. J Appl Polym Sci 101:4328–4333
Zhu X, Alexandratos SD (2005) Affinity and selectivity of immobilized N-methyl-d-glucamine for mercury(II) ions. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:7490–7495
Delacour ML, Gailliez E, Bacquet M, Morcellet M (1999) Poly(ethylenimine) coated onto silica gels: adsorption capacity toward lead and mercury. J Appl Polym Sci 73(6):899–906. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990808)73:6<899:aid-app6>3.0.co;2-o
Rivas BL, Pooley SA, Aceitón E, Geckeler KE (2002) Synthesis, characterization, and properties of a selective adsorbent to mercury(II) ions. J Appl Polym Sci 85(12):2559–2563. doi:10.1002/app.10876
Rivas BL, Quilodrán B, Quiroz E (2003) Removal properties of crosslinked poly(2-acrylamido glycolic acid) for trace heavy metal ions: effect of ph, temperature, contact time, and salinity on the adsorption behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 88:2614–2621
Acknowledgments
The authors thank FONDECYT (Grant No 1110079), PIA (Grant ACT-130), and CIPA. Bruno Urbano thanks the CONICYT for Ph.D. financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rivas, B.L., Urbano, B. & Muñoz, C. Metal ion sorption properties of water-insoluble resins based on sodium styrene sulfonate and different comonomers. Polym. Bull. 68, 1537–1549 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-011-0631-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-011-0631-8