Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of NBR/bentonite composites: vulcanization kinetics and rheometric and mechanical properties

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of the incorporation of bentonite (BT) untreated and treated with octadecylamine on the rheological behavior and vulcanization kinetics of NBR was investigated. Mechanical properties were also evaluated. Decreases in the optimum cure time (t 90) and in the scorch time (t S2) and a notorious improvement in mechanical properties were found when treated BT was employed. From the vulcanization kinetics analysis, we can infer that the curing rate is superior for the treated BT composites, while the reaction orders point out the dependency of the vulcanization reaction on the initial reactants if compared to the catalytic effect of the reaction products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lopez-Manchado MA, Herrero B, Arroyo M (2003) Preparation and characterization of organoclay nanocomposites based on natural rubber. Polym Int 52:1070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Vaia RA, Wagner HD (2004) Polymer nanocomposites: framework for the future. Mater Today 6:32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Okada A, Usuki A (2006) Twenty years of polymer–clay nanocomposites. Macromol Mater Eng 291:1449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Karger-Kocsis J, Wu CM (2004) Thermoset rubber/layered silicate nanocomposites. Status and future trends. Polym Eng Sci 44:1083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lopez-Manchado M, Herrero B, Arroyo M (2004) Organoclay-natural rubber nanocomposites synthesized by mechanical and solution mixing method. Polym Int 53:1766

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hwang WG, Wei KH, Wu CM (2004) Preparation and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/silicate nanocomposites. Polymer 45:5729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yoon KB, Sung HD, Hwang YY, Noh SK, Lee DH (2007) Modification of montmorillonite with oligomeric amine derivatives for polymer nanocomposite preparation. Appl Clay Sci 38:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kim T, Oh T, Lee D (2003) Preparation and characteristics of NBR nanocomposites based on organophilic layered clay. Polym Int 52:1058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chakraborty S, Sengupta R, Dasgupta S, Mukhopadhyay R, Bandyopadhyay S, Joshi M, Ameta SC (2009) Synthesis and characterization of styrene butadiene rubber–bentonite clay nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 49:1279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Soares BG, Oliveira M, Gomes A, Silva A, Santos K, Mauler R (2010) Nitrile rubber/organomontmorillonite nanocomposites produced by solution and melt compounding: effect of the polarity of the quaternary ammonium intercalants. J Appl Polym Sci 119:505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lopez-Manchado MA, Arroyo M, Herrero B, Biagiotti J (2003) Vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber–organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 89:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ehabe EE, Farid SA (2001) Chemical kinetics of vulcanisation and compression set. Eur Polym J 37:329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Choi D, Kader MA, Cho BH, Huh Y, Nah C (2005) Vulcanization kinetics of nitrile rubber/layered clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 98:1688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chough SH, Chang DH (1996) Kinetics of sulfur vulcanization of NR, BR, SBR, and their blends using a rheometer and DSC. J Appl Polym Sci 6:449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Arrillaga A, Zaldua AM, Atxurra RM, Farid AS (2007) Techniques used for determining cure kinetics of rubber compound. Eur Polym J 43:4783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Green DW, Perry RH (2007) Perry’s chemical engineers’ handbook, 8th edn. McGraw-Hill, USA

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kader MA, Nah C (2004) Influence of clay on the vulcanization kinetics of fluoroelastomer nanocomposites. Polymer 45:2237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Avalos F, Ortiz J, Zitzumbo R, Lopez-Manchado M, Verdejo R, Arroyo M (2008) Effect of montmorillonite intercalant structure on the cure parameters of natural rubber. Eur Polym J 44:3108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Royo J (1989) Manual de tecnología del caucho. Consorcio Nacional de Industriales del Caucho, Barcelona, España

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nah C, Ryu HJ, Han SH, Rhee JM, Lee MH (2001) Fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/clay nanocomposite. Polym Int 50:1265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Essawy H, El-Nashar D (2004) The use of montmorillonite as a reinforcing and compatibilizing filler for NBR/SBR rubber blend. Polym Test 23:803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu L, Jia D, Luo Y, Guo B (2006) Preparation, structure and properties of nitrile-butadiene rubber–organoclay nanocomposites by reactive mixing intercalation method. J Appl Polym Sci 100:1905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Das A, Jurk R, Stockelhuber KW, Heinrich G (2008) Effect of vulcanization ingredients on the intercalation–exfoliation process of layered silicate in an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber matrix. Macromol Mater Eng 293:479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Ingeniería, Caracas, Venezuela

    Carmen Albano & Wilmer DeSousa

  2. Departamento de Mecánica, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, 1080A, Venezuela

    Marianella Hernández, Miren N. Ichazo & Jeanette González

Authors
  1. Carmen Albano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marianella Hernández
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miren N. Ichazo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jeanette González
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wilmer DeSousa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Carmen Albano or Marianella Hernández.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Albano, C., Hernández, M., Ichazo, M.N. et al. Characterization of NBR/bentonite composites: vulcanization kinetics and rheometric and mechanical properties. Polym. Bull. 67, 653–667 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-010-0432-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-010-0432-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation