Abstract
Spatially implicit metapopulation models with discrete patch-size structure and host-macroparasite models which distinguish hosts by their parasite loads lead to infinite systems of ordinary differential equations. In several papers, a this-related theory will be developed in sufficient generality to cover these applications. In this paper the linear foundations are laid. They are of own interest as they apply to continuous-time population growth processes (Markov chains). Conditions are derived that the solutions of an infinite linear system of differential equations, known as Kolmogorov’s differential equations, induce a C 0-semigroup on an appropriate sequence space allowing for first moments. We derive estimates for the growth bound and the essential growth bound and study the asymptotic behavior. Our results will be illustrated for birth and death processes with immigration and catastrophes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen L.J.S. (2003) An introduction to stochastic processes with applications to biology. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River
Arrigoni F. (2003) Deterministic approximation of a stochastic metapopulation model. Adv Appl Prob 35, 691–720
Banasiak J., Arlotti L. (2006) Perturbations of positive semigroups with applications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Barbour A.D., Pugliese A. (2005) Asymptotic behaviour of a metapopulation model. Ann Appl Prob 15, 1306–1338
Born E., Dietz K. (1989) Parasite population dynamics within a dynamic host population. Prob Theor Rel Fields 83, 67–85
Casagrandi R., Gatto M. (2002) A persistence criterion for metapopulations. Theor Pop Biol 61, 115–125
Clément, Ph., Heijmans, H.J.A.M. Angenent, S., van Duijn, C.J., de Pagter, B. One-parameter semigroups. North-Holland, Amsterdam 1987
Clinchy M.D., Haydon D.T., Smith A.T. (2002) Pattern does not equal process: what does patch occupancy really tell us about metapopulation dynamics. Am Nat 159, 351–362
Deimling K. (1985) Nonlinear functional analysis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Dietz, K. Overall population patterns in the transmission cycle of infectious disease agents. In: Anderson, R.M., May, R.M. (eds.) Population biology of infectious diseases. pp. 87–102, Life sciences report 25, Springer 1982
Engel K.-J., Nagel R. (2000) One-parameter semigroups for linear evolution equations. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Feller W. (1965) An introduction to probability theory and its applications, vol. II, Wiley, New York
Feller W. (1968) An introduction to probability theory and its applications, vol. I, 3rd edn, Wiley, New York
Gilpin M., Hanski I., ed. (1991) Metapopulation dynamics. Empirical and theoretical investigations. Academic Press, New York
Gyllenberg M., Hanski I. (1992) Single species metapopulation dynamics: a structured model. Theor Pop Biol 42, 35–61
Hadeler K.P., Dietz K. (1982). An integral equation for helminthic infections: global existence of solutions. In: Kurke H., Mecke J., Triebel H., Thiele R. (eds). Recent Trends in Mathematics, Reinhardsbrunn 1982. Teubner, Leipzig, pp. 153–163
Hadeler K.P., Dietz K. (1984) Population dynamics of killing parasites which reproduce in the host. J Math Biol 21, 45–65
Hale J.K. (1988) Asymptotic behavior of dissipative systems. AMS, Providence
Hale J.K., Waltman P. (1989) Persistence in infinite-dimensional systems. SIAM J Math Anal 20, 388–395
Hanski I., Gilpin M.E. ed. (1996) Metapopulation biology: ecology, genetics, and evolution. Academic Press, New York
Heijmans, H.J.A.M. Perron–Frobenius theory for positive semigroups, [7, Chap.8], 193–211
Heijmans, H.J.A.M., Some results from spectral theory [7, Chap. 8], 281–291
Heijmans, H.J.A.M., de Pagter, B. Asymptotic behavior, [7], 213– 233
Hille E., Phillips R.S. (1957) Functional analysis and semi-groups. AMS, Providence
Kato T. (1954) On the semi-groups generated by Kolmogoroff’s differential equations. J Math Soc Jpn 6, 12–15
Kolmogorov A.N. (1931) Über die analytischen Methoden der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Math Annalen 104, 415–458
Kostizin, V.A. Symbiose, parasitisme et évolution (étude mathématique), Herman, Paris 1934, translated in The golden age of theoretical ecology Scudo, F., Ziegler, J., (eds.), 369–408, Lecture Notes in Biomathematics 22, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1978
Kretzschmar M. (1989) A renewal equation with a birth-death process as a model for parasitic infections. J Math Biol 27, 191–221
Martcheva M., Thieme H.R. (2005) A metapopulation model with discrete size structure. Nat Res Mod 18, 379–413
Martcheva M., Thieme H.R. (2006). Infinite ODE systems modeling size-structured meta-populations and macroparasitic diseases. In: Magal P, Ruan S (eds). Mathematical biology and epidemiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Metz J.A.J., Gyllenberg M. (2001) How should we define fitness in structured metapopulation models? Including an application to the calculation of evolutionary stable dispersal strategies. Proc R Soc Lond B 268, 499–508
Moilanen A., Smith A.T., Hanski I. (1998) Long term dynamics in a metapopulation of the American pika. Am Nat 152, 530–542
Nagy J. (1996) Evolutionary attracting dispersal strategies in vertebrate metapopulations, Ph.D.Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe
Pazy A. (1983) Semigroups of linear operators and applications to partial differential equations. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Pugliese A. (2000) Coexistence of macroparasites without direct interactions. Theor Pop Biol 57, 145–165
Pugliese A. (2002). Virulence evolution in macro-parasites. Mathematical approaches for emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. In: Castillo-Chavez C., Blower S., van den Driessche P., Kirschner D., Yakubo A.-A. (eds). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 193–213
Reuter G.E.H. (1957) Denumerable Markov processes and the associated contraction semigroups on ℓ. Acta Math 97, 1–46
Reuter G.E.H., Ledermann W. (1953) On the differential equations for the transition probabilities of Markov processes with enumerable many states. Proc Cambridge Phil Soc 49, 247–262
Sell G.R., You Y. (2002) Dynamics of evolutionary equations. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Smith, A.T., Gilpin, M.E. Spatially correlated dynamics in a pika metapopulation. [20], 407–428
Smith H.L., Waltman P. (1995) The theory of the chemostat: dynamics of microbial populations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Thieme H.R. (1993) Persistence under relaxed point-dissipativity (with applications to an epidemic model). SIAM J Math Anal 24, 407–435
Thieme H.R. (1998) Remarks on resolvent positive operators and their perturbation. Disc Cont Dyn Sys 4, 73–90
Thieme H.R. (2003) Mathematics in population biology. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Thieme, H.R., Voigt, J. Stochastic semigroups: their construction by perturbation and approximation, conference proceedings of Positivity IV (in press)
Voigt J. (1987) On stochastic C 0-semigroups and their generators. Trans Theor Stat Phys 16, 453–466
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-007-0154-y
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martcheva, M., Thieme, H.R. & Dhirasakdanon, T. Kolmogorov’s Differential Equations and Positive Semigroups on First Moment Sequence Spaces. J. Math. Biol. 53, 642–671 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-006-0002-5
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-006-0002-5