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Anthropic Impact on the Critically Endangered Melanophryniscus admirabilis (Admirable Redbelly Toad): Evidence from the Presence of Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae

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Abstract

Melanophryniscus admirabilis is a microendemic and critically endangered toad, known from a single population. This microendemic species inhabits a small fragment of the Atlantic Forest in South Brazil, an area significantly impacted by hydroelectric power plant projects, livestock farming, agricultural activities, biopiracy, and tourism. Given the exclusive and limited population of M. admirabilis, preserving and conserving this species is of utmost importance in Brazil. Research on this species primarily concentrates on its biology, ecology, and ecotoxicology. Currently, there is no knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria present in wild M. admirabilis, despite the potential for studying them to provide valuable insights into environmental pollution. To this end, Enterobacteriaceae species (n = 82) obtained from 15 wild M. admirabilis toads were subjected to the standard Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method to test their AMR. The results showed that Enterobacteriaceae species had the highest antibiotic resistance to IPM (45.1%), CIP (39%), NIT (32.5%), AMP (31.3%), TET (18.3%), and FOX (17%). Of the tested species, 18 (21.9%) species tested were susceptible, 40 (48.8%) were resistant to 1 or 2 different antibiotic classes, and 24 (29.3%) were classified as multidrug-resistant. Overall, our findings suggest that the incidence of AMR in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from wild M. admirabilis is high, indicating environmental stress caused by anthropic pollution in their habit.

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Data Availability

The data presented are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and National Center for Research and Conservation of Reptiles and Amphibians, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Brasil (CNPq) (#309769/2020–5, and #305495/2018–6) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) of the Brazilian Government.the National Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-Graduation Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Julia Ienes-Lima & Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon

  2. Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA

    Julia Ienes-Lima

  3. Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Janira Prichula

  4. Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biology, Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Michelle Abadie & Márcio Borges-Martins

  5. National Center for Research and Conservation of Reptiles and Amphibians, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Goiânia, Brazil

    Michelle Abadie

Authors
  1. Julia Ienes-Lima
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  2. Janira Prichula
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  3. Michelle Abadie
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  4. Márcio Borges-Martins
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  5. Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and samples collections were performed by JIL, MA, and MBM. Data analyses were performed by JP and APGF. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JIL, JP, and APGF, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval

The study was carried out following the guidelines of ICMBio and was approved by the Research and Ethics Committees at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Projects 19541, 25526, and 25528) and the Information and Authorization System in Biodiversity (SISBIO) under numbers 40004-5 and 10341-1 (for M. Borges-Martins).

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Ienes-Lima, J., Prichula, J., Abadie, M. et al. Anthropic Impact on the Critically Endangered Melanophryniscus admirabilis (Admirable Redbelly Toad): Evidence from the Presence of Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae. Curr Microbiol 80, 339 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03433-7

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