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Proteomics Reveals Damaging Effect of Alpha-Cypermethrin Exposure in a Non-Target Freshwater Microalga Chlorella sp. NC-MKM

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Abstract

Alpha-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, is frequently used on crops to prevent insect attacks. However, occasionally, due to drift, leaching, or with rainwater, it enters the aquatic environment and poses a serious threat to the growth of non-target aquatic organisms. In the current study, we were interested in investigating the damaging effect of alpha-cypermethrin on a local freshwater non-target green alga Chlorella sp. NC-MKM in terms of its protein levels. This was achieved by exposing Chlorella sp. NC-MKM to an EC50 concentration of alpha-cypermethrin for 1 day, followed by the two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. Fifty-three proteins, which had showed significant differential accumulation (> 1.5 fold, P < 0.05) after exposure to alpha-cypermethrin, were considered as differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). These DAPs were further divided into several functional categories, and the expressions of each in control and treatment samples were compared. Comparison revealed that alpha-cypermethrin exposure affects the accumulation of proteins related with photosynthesis, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction and transporters, translation, transcription, cell division, lipid metabolism, amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, secondary metabolites production, and post-translational modification, and thus rendered the tested algal isolate sensitive toward this pesticide. The overall findings of this research thus offer a fundamental understanding of the possible mechanism of action of the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin on the microalga Chlorella sp. NC-MKM and also suggest potential biomarkers for the investigation of pesticide exposed microalgae.

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Data Availability

All of the data that are generated or analyzed for this study are included in this manuscript and its supplementary material files.

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Department of Biotechnology (BT/PR12716/PBD/26/478/2015), Department of Science and Technology- Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB)(SERB/F/4983/2015-16), Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for OBC Students (UGC) (201819-NFO-2018-19-OBC-ASS-76611), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (09/347(222)/2017-EMR-I), Department of Science and Technology-Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (DST-FIST)[SR/FST/LSI-666/2016(C)], and University Grants Commission- Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP)[F.4-7/2016/DRS-1 (SAP-II)], Government of India. Authors are also thankful to the Head of Department, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University for providing the necessary facilities. Also, the authors thank Mass Spectrometry Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore for MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

Funding

This study was supported by Department of Biotechnology (BT/PR12716/PBD/26/478/2015), Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB)(SERB/F/4983/2015-16), Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for OBC Students (UGC) (201819-NFO-2018-19-OBC-ASS-76611), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (09/347(222)/2017-EMR-I), Department of Science and Technology-Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (DST-FIST)[SR/FST/ LSI-666/2016(C)], and University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP)[F.4-7/2016/DRS-1 (SAP-II)], Government of India. Authors also received necessary facilities from the Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University Meghalaya, Shillong, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India

    Ng. Kunjarani Chanu, Madan Kumar Mandal & Neha Chaurasia

  2. Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Akanksha Srivastava & Yogesh Mishra

Authors
  1. Ng. Kunjarani Chanu
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  2. Madan Kumar Mandal
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  3. Akanksha Srivastava
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  4. Yogesh Mishra
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  5. Neha Chaurasia
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Contributions

NKC performed: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft. Dr. MKM contributed to: formal analysis, writing—original draft. AS contributed to—methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft. Dr. YM was involved in – methodology, formal analysis, writing—review & editing. Dr. NC was involved in: conceptualization, writing—review & editing, funding acquisition, supervision.

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Correspondence to Neha Chaurasia.

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Chanu, N.K., Mandal, M.K., Srivastava, A. et al. Proteomics Reveals Damaging Effect of Alpha-Cypermethrin Exposure in a Non-Target Freshwater Microalga Chlorella sp. NC-MKM. Curr Microbiol 80, 144 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03179-2

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