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Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Management of Oily Spot Disease of Pomegranate

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Abstract

The bacterial pathogen of oily spot disease, a major threat to pomegranate growers, was isolated from infected plant parts of pomegranate collected from orchards in Maharashtra, India. The pathogen was identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) following phenotypic and molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It produced pectinase, cellulase, xylanase in medium and in experimentally inoculated tissues with pathogen where pectinase activity was maximum (32.2 U/g). Pearson correlation analysis showed a perfect positive correlation (P < 0.05) between enzyme activity and disease rating scale. This indicates the co-synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that aid in tissue degradation and suggests their role as virulence factors. Out of 150 indigenously isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris PB6, Lactobacillus brevis PFR77 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris PFL9, the potent antagonists of Xap, were used in the management of bacterial blight. Under laboratory conditions, cell formulation of PB6, PFR77 and PFL9 were equally effective (P > 0.05) and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the infection in fruits. Under field conditions, the disease severity index for the treatments where plants received a spray of PB6 with streptocycline, was lowest (4.61%) as compared to cells (15.74%), culture supernatant (20.66%) and their integrated treatments (21.38%), and streptocycline (15.37%) treatments. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was noticed between cells and streptocycline treatments, thus, indicating the effectiveness of LAB in treating bacterial blight. This is the first report on the use of antagonistic LAB for the control of oily spot disease of pomegranate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. M. K. Kokare for making the pomegranate farm available for sampling purposes and field studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, 413102, India

    Milind H. Gajbhiye

  2. Department of Microbiology, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Ashok V. Bankar

  3. Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India

    Balu P. Kapadnis

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  1. Milind H. Gajbhiye
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Contributions

MH Gajbhiye performed the experiments, collected the data and prepared the first draft of the manuscript. AV Bankar assisted in data analysis and construction of tables and figures. BP Kapadnis assisted in the construction of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Milind H. Gajbhiye.

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Gajbhiye, M.H., Bankar, A.V. & Kapadnis, B.P. Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Management of Oily Spot Disease of Pomegranate. Curr Microbiol 80, 19 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-03113-y

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