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Antimicrobial Activities of Salacia oblonga Wall Leaf and Root Extracts Against Different Bacterial Strains and Fungal Isolates

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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance and the hazardous nature of synthetic drugs is threatening issue in the health sector. The alternative for this problem is to focus on plants that attribute to various compounds that exhibit therapeutic properties. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Salacia oblonga leaf and root extracts against tested human pathogens. The S. oblonga extracts showed a significant zone of inhibition against bacteria and fungi. The leaf and root extracts of S. oblonga are prepared using low polar to high polar solvents in the Soxhlet apparatus and tested on the selected bacterial and fungal strains. Agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods evaluate antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of extracts. Among the extracts tested, the ethyl acetate extract of root showed more antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. The most susceptible bacterial and fungal species against ethyl acetate extract are Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Microsporum gypseum. The MIC for bacteria ranged from 13.0 to > 200 µg/ml, whereas for fungi, the MIC ranged from 25.9 to > 200 µg/ml. Ethyl acetate extract of root with 100 µg/ml concentration showed 29.1 mm and 28.7 mm zone of inhibition against bacterial strains M. luteus and M. tuberculosis, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of root with a 100 µg/ml concentration showed 15.8, 15.2, and 15.6 mm zone of inhibition against fungal isolates M. canis, T. interdigitale, and M. gypseum, respectively. The activity of root and leaf extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and further, the compounds isolated from the crude extracts of leaf and root showed antimicrobial activity. Structural elucidation of isolated compounds Lambertic acid and Ferruginol was done using NMR spectroscopy. Reports indicate that Lambertic acid was isolated previously, but the isolation of hydroxy Ferruginol from S. oblonga leaf extract was reported unprecedented.

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Acknowledgements

RS, CS, VP, and NNR would like to thank GITAM (Deemed to be University) for providing necessary facilities and support.

Funding

The work was not supported by any funding agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India

    Challa Surekha, Racha Srikanth & Nageswara Rao Reddy Neelapu

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Telangana, India

    Murali Krishna Thupurani

  3. Department of Microbiology and Food Science & Technology, Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), 530045, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Vidyullatha Peddireddy

  4. Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary & Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India

    Vidyullatha Peddireddy

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  1. Challa Surekha
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  2. Racha Srikanth
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RS, CS designed the study; RS, TM performed the experiments. RS, TM, CS, NNR, and VP analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Challa Surekha.

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Surekha, C., Srikanth, R., Thupurani, M.K. et al. Antimicrobial Activities of Salacia oblonga Wall Leaf and Root Extracts Against Different Bacterial Strains and Fungal Isolates. Curr Microbiol 79, 204 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02888-4

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